Título del artículo:

IoT applied to irrigation systems in agriculture: A usability analysis

The Internet of Things favors using technological tools in rural environments thanks to the ability to connect to the Internet between devices that facilitate daily tasks. The research aims to evaluate the usability of the decision support system for irrigation in agriculture, AgroRIEGO, through the development of an IoT-based device. The sponsors of this project were the Ministry of Information and Communication Technologies and the Center of Excellence in the Internet of Things Appropriation (CEA-IoT) in Colombia. Among the methods used is the use of the heuristic evaluation technique, structured into 15 categories and 62 subcategories of assessment. This analysis was complemented by the contribution of a group of experts in the design and development of IoT applications and devices and agriculture to assess the system\'s attributes.

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Revista Colombiana de Computacion

Título del artículo:

Toward the Hydrogen Economy in Paraguay: End-Uses of Green Hydrogen Potential

This study analyzed the final stage of the hydrogen economy structure and the end-uses of green hydrogen potential in the Republic of Paraguay. Methodologically, the potential for hydrogen production is considered from key renewable resources (solar PV, wind, and hydro) in Paraguay. This study focused on two opportunity niches for green hydrogen use: in the residential sector, substituting firewood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as fuel for cooking and heating, and in the transportation sector, displacing diesel and gasoline in light vehicles and buses. Firewood and LPG demand in homes and diesel and gasoline demand in the transportation are obtained from official statistical data. Energy equivalences to calculate the hydrogen amount required for replacing firewood, LPG, diesel, and gasoline consumption and hydrogen end-use technologies models proposed in similar studies in other countries of the region were considered. A total green hydrogen potential of 394.2 × 106 t was obtained, 367 times higher than the total consumption of secondary energy in the country, which indicates the magnitude of the potential. Firewood, LPG, gasoline, and diesel substitution in the residential and transportation sectors are fully achieved, except in the case of the Capital District and Central Department. The results of this study envisage an optimal scenario for a future hydrogen economy in Paraguay. This will require financial investment from both public and private sectors for the development of sustainable energy projects and the implementation of a suitable infrastructure for using hydrogen as an energy carrier. The geographic distribution of mentioned key renewable resources in Paraguay implies a huge opportunity for the advance of distributed generation in energy policies, meaning greater decentralization, redistribution, sustainability, and democratization of the energy system.

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Green Energy and Technology

Título del artículo:

Evaluating the performance of a cellular manufacturing system proposal for the sewing department of a sportswear manufacturing company: A simulation approach

Cellular manufacturing systems (CMS) are a major application of group technology, that brings benefits related to the reduction of wastes, also known as ‘mudas’ in lean manufacturing philosophy, to organisations striving to compete in today’s markets. These benefits include the reduction of machine setup times, material handling and work-in-process inventory, among others. However, many organisations are reluctant to implement such decisions in their production systems, due to the uncertainty and economic and productive impact that these involve. For this reason, a simulation study is performed in this paper to evaluate the performance of a cellular manufacturing system approach for the sewing department of a sportswear manufacturing company. The simulation study was designed, and the results of the proposed model showed improvements of 51,46% in the average flow time, 1102,52% in the average throughput, and 50,65% in the average setup times of machines, compared to the current state of the case study.

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Journal of Applied Research and Technology

Título del artículo:

Dimensionality and homogeneity of the Colombian version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ-N-10)

Background: It is essential to have a validated instrument to measure craving for cocaine use. The study’s objective was to understand the dimensionality and homogeneity of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ-N-10) among Colombian cocaine users. Methods: A sample of 102 hospitalized or outpatient adults diagnosed with cocaine use disorders attending addiction units in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Internal consistency and construct validity were estimated by confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis with scales with similar objectives. Results: An omega coefficient of 0.93 was obtained, and adjustment indicators of the confirmatory model were acceptable (RMSEA of 0.08, CFI and TLI of 0.99) when two of the original scale items were removed from the original scale analysis. Conclusion: This study shows that the craving scale reduced to eight items can be helpful to assess the construct in the Colombian population; however, the small sample size makes it challenging to carry out other analysis to corroborate its psychometric properties.

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Journal of Substance Use

Título del artículo:

Factors related to healthcare costs of road traffic accidents in Bucaramanga, Colombia

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors related to overall healthcare costs of road traffic accidents in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted through the analysis of road traffic accident records that took place in 2019 in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Cost quartiles in dollars were compared using Pearson\'s chi-squared and Fisher\'s exact tests. Odds ratios were also calculated in logistic regression. RESULTS: 3,150 road accidents were reported in 2019 involving 7,038 people, of which 812 had information related to healthcare costs in health care institutions. The median cost was 56.59 USD (RI = 29.35-140.15), average cost of 290.11 USD ± 731.22 (95%CI: 239.74-340.48). A higher possibility to be in the 4th quartile was found when persons were under 18 years of age (OR = 4.88; 95%CI: 1.30-18.32) or 46-60 years (OR = 3.66; 95%CI: 1.01-13.30), the type of vehicle involved is motorcycle (OR = 2.79; 95%CI: 1.25-6.24), bicycle (OR = 7.66; 95%CI: 2.70-21.68), having a head injury (OR = 4.50; 95%CI: 2.61-7.76) and hypothetical drunk driving (OR = 12.44; 95%CI: 2.01-76.87). CONCLUSIONS: Relevant factors in healthcare costs were riding a motorcycle or bicycle, having a head injury, being under 18 years of age or 46 to 60 years of age and hypothetical drunk driving. It is important to implement prevention measures based on identified factors to reduce road accident rate and therefore, its socioeconomic costs.

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Revista de saude publica

Título del artículo:

Towards The Hydrogen Economy: Estimation of green hydrogen production potential and the impact of its uses in Ecuador as a case study

The estimation of the green hydrogen (H2) production potential represents the initial stage on the road to integrating the Hydrogen Economy into the energy systems of a country or region. This article has two purposes; the first focuses on identifying and analyzing studies on the amount of green H2 obtainable in countries and regions across the globe. In total, 64 studies in 29 countries are reported, of which the geographical distribution of the estimates of green H2 potential is obtained. Additionally, the most widely used renewable energy sources and the conversion technologies favored for their production were identified. The Americas and Argentina were the continents and the country, respectively, with the largest number of studies. At the same time, solar photovoltaic (PV) and electrolysis are the most studied production methods. The second purpose is to quantify the total potential of green H2 in the Republic of Ecuador and explore its uses as an energy vector and chemical input in niches of opportunity detected from the analysis of its energy balance. In this regard, the total potential of green H2 in Ecuador of 4.38 × 108 tons/year is obtained, being the production of electrolytic H2 with PV electricity the one with the highest contribution. The amount of H2 available satisfies, in excess, the demand for the proposed uses: as fuel and chemical input. These results contribute to the knowledge of the object of study by making visible the interest of the countries in having such estimates and identifying the most attractive production route in the first place, and secondly, providing essential elements for the development of more detailed research and energy planning on the gradual incorporation of the Hydrogen Economy in Ecuador.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Título del artículo:

First record of Chlorophyllum molybdites (G. Mey.) Massee (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Agaricaceae) from Bucaramanga, Department of Santander, Colombia

Colombia is a megadiverse country with many macrofungi species. Despite their ecological, anthropological, and economic importance, the distribution of many macrofungal species is still scarcely known in this country. Chlorophyllum molybdites (G. Mey.) Massee is a poisonous macrofungus common in urban settings of tropical and subtropical regions. In Colombia it has only been reported in three of 32 departments. To fill this gap in knowledge we morphologically describe for the first time C. molybdites from the city of Bucaramanga, Department of Santander, extending the known distribution of this macrofungus in Colombia.

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Check List

Título del artículo:

Handgrip strength is associated with risk of falls in physically active older women

The authors of this study inquire about the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and the risk of falls in physically active older women. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 135 women between 50 and 90 years of age who were referred for the follow-up evaluations of HGS using dynamometry and the Tinetti scale to determine the risk of falls. The mean age was 68.8 ± 8.5 years. A total of 31.9% of women had a high risk of falls, and 55% reported five or more falls in the past six months. In addition, our results indicated that grip strength decreases as risk of falls increases (minimal risk = 42.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.8, 45.8; moderate risk = 31.3, 95% CI: 29.1, 33.5; high risk = 21.9, 95% CI: 19.3, 24.6). It should be considered that in physically active women aged over 50 years, the grip strength could be a predictor of falls and risk of falls. Evaluation of grip strength is a low-cost type of assessment that can be included as a part of physical tests.

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Health Care for Women International

Título del artículo:

Acaricidal activity of compounds on Schizotetranychus hindustanicus (Hirst), (Acari: Tetranychidae), citrus hindu mite

Citrus x latifolia Tanaka ex Q. Jiménez or Tahiti lime has a significant percentage within the commercial citrus chain in Colombia. Schizotetranychus hindustanicus or hindu mite, produces typical lesions in the upper part of the leaves and fruits, characterized by circular whitish spots, which correspond to the cobwebs that the female weaves, reducing the aesthetic value of the fruit and its commercialization. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the acaricidal effects of different compounds through three contact times on populations of the mite. The following compounds were evaluated: oleaginous extract of Neem-Azadirachta indica 1.0 %, 0.5 % micronized sulfur, 0.4 % water soluble extract of Azadirachtin, 15 % ash broth filtrate, and a control of Abamectin 0.2 %, recognized for its acaricidal effect. Water distilled was used as a negative control. It was evidenced that the most effective treatments were Neem-A. indica oleaginous extract at 1.0 %, micronized sulfur at 0.5 %, and Abamectin at 0.2 %, with mortality values of 96.4, 97.9 and 100 % at 72 h, respectively. These results allow suggesting the use of natural compounds based on Azadirachta indica in oleaginous solutions for the control of the mite, since they do not affect the ecosystem, and resistance to them has not been reported.

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Bioagro

Título del artículo:

Effect of vegetation cover on dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) and their ecological functions in an Andean forest of Colombia

Introduction: Dung beetles perform important functions in terrestrial ecosystems, but anthropic pressures affect them negatively. These effects are well documented in neotropical lowland forests but have been studied little in Andean forests. Objective: To evaluate how the attributes of the dung beetle assemblages and three of their ecological functions differ in three types of vegetation cover, and to determine the relationships between attributes and functions, and among functions. Methods: Dung beetles were captured with pitfall traps, and ecological functions were measured through a field experiment in the farm “El Ocaso” (Colombia), in three types of vegetation cover: secondary forest, mixed forest and cattle pasture (three independent sites per cover). The assemblage attributes that were evaluated were abundance, number of species, biomass, and weighted mean body length; functions measured were dung removal, soil excavation, and secondary seed dispersal. Results: It was found that both the assemblage attributes and the ecological functions were negatively affected in the more disturbed vegetation covers, particularly in cattle pastures. Most of the assemblage attributes correlated positively with functions; soil excavation and secondary seed dispersal had a strong positive correlation with dung removal. Conclusions: Dung beetle assemblages play important ecological functions and they are sensitive to ecosystem disturbances. This study shows how dung beetles and their functions are affected negatively when forest is transformed to cattle pasture in the understudied and highly fragmented Andean forest ecosystems.

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Revista de Biologia Tropical

Título del artículo:

Impact of case-based learning for students of clinical practices in physiotherapy

Introduction: The Case Based Learning (CBL) is a teaching and learning strategy that allows the articulation of acquired and new knowledge, stimulates the autonomous learning, improves the critical thinking and the argumentative skills in real contexts, developing the phase of “knowing” as explained by the Miller pyramid. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the impact on motivation and student learning produced by the implementation of cases-based learning strategy in last year students of a Physiotherapy Program. Methodology: Mixed design, quasi-experimental type, with twelve students selected by convenience. Intervention was developed in person at advisory times, for 18 weeks, every 15 days for 2 hours per meeting. The information was collected using knowledge test after and before of the intervention, focal groups with teachers and students and not members observations. Results: There were significant changes between the pre and post-intervention evaluation (16.7 %, 83.3 %, p <0.05), and the students described the experience as highly motivating and teachers as enriching. Our research supports the effect of the active learning, with the CBL and the pedagogic mediation developed with the teacher through the phases and sequences of the strategy. Conclusion: Case-based learning, implemented in a systematic, organized and planned manner, is a useful strategy in the training process of physical therapists. Promotes the development of critical, reflective and analytical capacity and the achievement of professional skills.

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Iatreia

Título del artículo:

Effects of a Nursing Intervention on Postoperative Pain Control in the Adult Patient

Introduction: Appropriate pain control is a crucial and necessary challenge to address in the surgical field, since it would produce a great impact patient recovery. Objective: To assess the effect of a nursing intervention applied during the perioperative period for pain control in the adult patient in the immediate postoperative period. Methods: Quantitative and quasiexperimental study carried out with two groups, an experimental and a control group, of adults operated on in the surgical room of a health institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia, in the first semester of 2017. The universe consisted of 3240 patients, while the calculated sample was 120. The intervention consisted in three phases, framed within the theory of unpleasant symptoms. The visual analog scale was used to assess pain. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analyses were performed. Betas were calculated with linear regression models and using the scores of the pain scale at ten to twenty and thirty minutes; as well as at one to one and half hours, and two hours. Results: The groups presented similar characteristics: in the experimental group, the scores of the pain scale decreased at ten minutes by 0.98 (95 % CI:-2.0; 0.02); at one hour, by 0.77 (95 % CI:-1.60; 0.05; at one and a half hours, by 0.71 (95 % CI:-1.13;-0.12); and at two hours, by 0.60 (95 % CI:-1.09;-0.10). Conclusions: The nursing intervention in the perioperative period, beyond the administration of analgesics, is fundamental to modify responses, as referred by Swanson\'s theory, unpleasant symptoms and their negative effects are improved or controlled; in this case, postoperative pain.

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Revista Cubana de Enfermeria

Título del artículo:

Differences in health policies for drug availability in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension across Latin America

Treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Latin America differs between countries, with regard to disease etiology, health insurance coverage, and drug availability. A group of experts from Latin America, met to share regional experiences and propose possible lines of collaboration. The available evidence, regional clinical practice data, and the global context of the proceedings of the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, held in Nice, France, in February 2018, were analyzed. Here, we discuss some priority concepts identified that could guide transnational interaction and research strategies in Latin America: (1) despite being evidence-based, the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension proceedings may not be applicable in Latin American countries; (2) proactive identification and diagnosis of patients in Latin America is needed; (3) education of physicians and standardization of appropriate treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is vital; (4) our clinical experience for the treatment strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is based on drug availability in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and México; (5) there are difficulties inherent to the consultation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and access to treatment; (6) the importance of data generation and research of Latin American-specific issues related to pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is highlighted.

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Pulmonary Circulation

Título del artículo:

And Me…, Who Do I Mourn? Manifestations of Grief in Jardín Cementerio Universal de Medellín, Colombia

Cemeteries are propitious settings in which to mourn the death of a loved one. Such expressions of grief have particular social logics associated with there being a corpse buried in the grave. But how is the relationship of the mourner transformed when there is no body as a result of a forced disappearance? Do the mourners’ interactions differ when there is an identified body as opposed to when there is not? Guided by these questions, Jardín Cementerio Universal de Medellín is presented as a space that unveils strategies used to deal with the complexity of mourning a loved one’s death. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the manifestations of mourning present in graves with identified and unidentified bodies. To this end, an ethnographic exercise was conducted involving a qualitative analysis of funerary material culture and non-participant observation. The study documents the importance of having a physical space, the gravestone, where one can grieve the loss of a loved one. It is revealed that this space is especially relevant in the case of the indirect victims of forced disappearance, who go through complex mourning processes in the absence of a grave to hold their loved one’s body. In this case, the burial ground is a space that bears witness to the acts of violence that Colombia has suffered.

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Antipoda

Título del artículo:

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Leishmania infantum in Canine Shelters in Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area and Barrancabermeja, Andean Region Santander, Colombia

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by sand-flies to different hosts. In Colombia, Leishmania has been reported in dogs from rural and urban areas. The aims of the investigation were to define the risk factors of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) in canine shelters in municipalities of the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, and Barrancabermeja municipality, and to determine the seroprevalence for L. infantum. An observational study was carried out. The samples were analyzed with ELISA antibody anti-L. infantum (n=282). Epidemiological data about the risk factors were achieved by conducting a survey in these dog shelters (14 questions). The data were analyzed to determine the association between the variables under study and the results of the ELISA test. The seroprevalence of L. infantum was 4.3% in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area and zero (0/48) in Barrancabermeja. The dogs sleeping outdoor was associated with the odds for Leishmania in Bucaramanga (P=0.04). We have demonstrated the seroprevalence of L. infantum in canine shelters in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, possibly by the high contact of dogs with Lutzomyia spp. vectors. This data may help to identify risk factors in similar geographical areas, assisting to design new control strategies.

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International Journal of Veterinary Science

Título del artículo:

System dynamics and economic growth

This paper shows that economic theory can be analyzed by means of system dynamics, an intuitive approach that makes it possible to represent graphically the feedback loops between the variables involved in the models. It models Adam Smith’s view of growth, according to Robert Heilbroner’s highly simplified interpretation, (developed in a more comprehensive and exhaustive way by his teacher, the German sociologist and economist Adolph Lowe) by proposing a computational system for the study of complex models. The paper does not intend to make an original contribution to economic modeling, but to show a tool that allows simulations based on the principles of system dynamics, using specialized software. This tool can be used in teaching to show alternative modeling options to the conventional ones.

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Revista de Economia Institucional

Título del artículo:

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia Resistant to the Treatment of Choice (Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Allopurinol)

This paper describes a case of canine visceral Leishmaniasis resistant to Meglumine Antimoniate plus allopurinol treatment in a canine patient from Colombia. A one-year-old castrated dog of the schnauzer breed was referred for veterinary consultation for showing a 2-month history of dermatological lesions on the back of the body and tail. Clinical examination revealed circular and ulcerative alopecic lesions delimited by a high relief border. Based on the clinical examination and laboratory analysis, canine leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum was established as a diagnosis. The patient was treated with Glucantime® (50mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for 4 weeks) plus Allopurinol® (10mg/kg twice a day orally for 10 months). Eight weeks after began treatment lesions had disappeared. However, two months later there was a clinical relapse. To our knowledge, it is the first report of resistance of canine Leishmaniasis to Glucantime® plus allopurinol in Colombia.

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International Journal of Veterinary Science

Título del artículo:

Still\'s disease in young adult patient

We present the case of a young adult patient who consulted for odynophagia fever and arthralgias, accompanied by non-pruritic rash, on physical examination adenomegaly and hepatomegaly were found, laboratories were requested with elevated ferritin, leukocytosis and neutrophilia and negative antibodies, using Yamaguchi\'s criteria the diagnosis was made and management with corticotherapy, NSAIDs and methotrexate was given with subsequent clinical improvement.

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Latin American Consensus on management of residual cardiometabolic risk. A consensus paper prepared by the Latin American Academy for the Study of Lipids and Cardiometabolic Risk (ALALIP) endorsed by the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC), the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS), and the Pan-American College of Endothelium (PACE)

Background: Hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, and tobacco (smoking, chewing, and vaping), together with a pro-inflammatory and procoagulant state, are the main risk factors related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objective and methods: A group of experts from the Americas, based on their clinical expertise in cardiology, cardiovascular prevention, and cardiometabolic (CM) diseases, joined together to develop these practical recommendations for the optimal evaluation and treatment of residual CM risk factors in Latin America, using a modified Delphi methodology (details in electronic TSI) to generate a comprehensive CM risk reduction guideline, and through personalized medicine and patient-centered decision, considering the cost-benefit ratio The process was well defined to avoid conflicts of interest that could bias the discussion and recommendations. Results: Residual risk reduction should consider therapeutic options adapted to specific patient needs, based on five treatment objectives: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, high blood pressure, and prothrombotic status. Comprehensive control of all CM risk factors should be a priority to deal with this important public health problem and prevent premature deaths. The recommendations in this paper address the evidence-based treatment of CM risk and are intended for clinical application in Latin American countries.

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Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico

Título del artículo:

Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Assess the Fear of COVID-19 in a Sample in Argentina: a Mixed Approach

The FCV-19S was the first instrument designed to assess the severity of fear related to COVID-19 and has already been validated in many languages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity and construct validity of the 5-item version of the FCV19S, using an online questionnaire in 599 people. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. In the evaluation process we assessed interitem correlation, item rest-correlation, confirmatory factor analysis: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Comparative Fix Index, Tucker-Lewis Index; internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega), and the Rasch model was assessed for learning more about the psychometric properties of the scale, which allows a detailed knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of a scale. The FCV-5S has adequate psychometric indicators from the perspective of the Classical Theory of Items. The major limitations were using a self-reported measure and having a convenience sample not necessarily representative of the general population of Argentina.

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International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

Título del artículo:

Aerosol box for intubation of patients with suspected COVID-19: Simulation study

Introduction Endotracheal intubation is a procedure associated with a high level of exposure to the COVID-19 virus. This has led to the search of alternatives to reduce the risk of contamination, including the so-called aerosol box. Objective To compare time and difficulty of orotracheal intubation when using the aerosol box in a simulated setting. Methodology Observational study conducted with the participation of 33 anesthetist physicians and anesthesia residents; groups were compared in terms of time and intubation difficulty using a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope and the McGRATH™ MAC (Medtronic) videolaryngoscope with or without aerosol box. In order to determine performance with the intubation maneuver, crude hazard ratios were estimated, and a Cox multivariate regression model was built, adjusted by anesthetist years of experience and difficulties during the procedure. Results On average, the aerosol box increased intubation time by 7.57 seconds (SD 8.33) when the videolaryngoscope was used, and by 6.62 (SD 5.74) with the Macintosh. Overall, 132 intubations were performed, with 121 successful and 6 failed first-time attempts (4 with the use of the aerosol box); 16 participants (48.48%) reported difficulty handling the box. With the use of the Macintosh, intubation was found to be faster than with the videolaryngoscope (cHR: 1.36 [95% CI 0.64-2.88]; adjusted HR: 2.20 [95% CI 0.73-6.62]). Conclusions The use of the aerosol box and personal protective equipment in a simulation setting hinders the intubation maneuver and may result in protracted execution time.

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Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology

Título del artículo:

Role of Spanish Toddlers’ Education and Care Institutions in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study

To our knowledge, there are no published studies that describe the physical activity (PA) levels and objectively measure them through accelerometry in toddlers (2–3 years old) attending early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were two-fold: (a) to analyse toddlers’ PA levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) during school hours in ECEC institutions, as well as the rate of adherence to specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA); and (b) to evaluate the characteristics correlates (age, gender, and body mass index –BMI) of young children and the school environment on toddlers’ TPA, light PA (LPA), MVPA, and SB during school hours in ECEC institutions. PA was evaluated with ActiGraph accelerometers. The main findings were that: (a) toddlers engaged in very high amounts of TPA and MVPA during ECEC hours; (b) girls and boys displayed similar levels of LPA, TPA, and SB, while girls had lower levels of MVPA, compared to boys, and younger toddlers were less active than older ones; (c) BMI was not associated with PA of any intensity or SB; (d) playground and classroom density were not associated with higher levels of PA of any intensity, though classroom density was associated with SB. These ECEC institutions provide and challenge the new COVID-19 scenario, as well as supportive environments for toddlers’ PA.

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Children

Título del artículo:

Hypertension pharmacological treatment in adults: A world health organization guideline executive summary

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and deaths worldwide especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective blood pressure (BP)-lowering therapies, <14% of adults with hypertension have BP controlled to a systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg. We report new hypertension treatment guidelines, developed in accordance with the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Overviews of reviews of the evidence were conducted and summary tables were developed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. In these guidelines, the World Health Organization provides the most current and relevant evidence-based guidance for the pharmacological treatment of nonpregnant adults with hypertension. The recommendations pertain to adults with an accurate diagnosis of hypertension who have already received lifestyle modification counseling. The guidelines recommend BP threshold to initiate pharmacological therapy, BP treatment targets, intervals for follow-up visits, and best use of health care workers in the management of hypertension. The guidelines provide guidance for choice of monotherapy or dual therapy, treatment with single pill combination medications, and use of treatment algorithms for hypertension management. Strength of the recommendations was guided by the quality of the underlying evidence; the tradeoffs between desirable and undesirable effects; patient\'s values, resource considerations and cost-effectiveness; health equity; acceptability, and feasibility consideration of different treatment options. The goal of the guideline is to facilitate standard approaches to pharmacological treatment and management of hypertension which, if widely implemented, will increase the hypertension control rate world-wide.

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Hypertension

Título del artículo:

Contextual considerations using the ′control-chaos continuum′ for return to sport in elite football - Part 1: Load planning

The ‘control-chaos continnum’ is an adaptable framework developed to guide the on-pitch rehabilitation process in elite football. One of the key objectives of the continuum is to progressively return players to their preinjury chronic running load, while incorporating the qualitative aspects of movement and cognitive stresses integral to competitive match-play. Whilst injury and player-specific considerations are key to an individualised rehabilitation approach, a host of contextual factors also play an important role in return to sport (RTS) planning. In this article, we highlight some key intrinsic and extrinsic contextual factors for the practitioner to consider in the RTS planning process to help mitigate reinjury risk upon a return to team training. While a return to chronic running load is generally a critical component of the framework, we highlight circumstances in elite football where it is a less relevant factor in RTS decision-making.

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Physical Therapy in Sport

Título del artículo:

Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing as the Next Pharma Disruptors

Artificial intelligence (AI) consists of a synergistic assembly of enhanced optimization strategies with wide application in drug discovery and development, providing advanced tools for promoting cost-effectiveness throughout drug life cycle. Specifically, AI brings together the potential to improve drug approval rates, reduce development costs, get medications to patients faster, and help patients complying with their treatments. Accelerated pharmaceutical development and drug product approval rates can further benefit from the quantum computing (QC) technology, which will ultimately enable larger profits from patent-protected market exclusivity. Key pharma stakeholders are endorsing cutting-edge technologies based on AI and QC, covering drug discovery, preclinical and clinical development, and postapproval activities. Indeed, AI-QC applications are expected to become standard in the pharma operating model over the next 5–10 years. Generalizing scalability to larger pharmaceutical problems instead of specialization is now the main principle for transforming pharmaceutical tasks on multiple fronts, for which systematic and cost-effective solutions have benefited in areas such as molecular screening, synthetic pathway design, and drug discovery and development. The information generated by coupling the life cycle of drugs and AI and/or QC through data-driven analysis, neural network prediction, and chemical system monitoring will enable (1) better understanding of the complexity of process data, (2) streamlining the design of experiments, (3) discovering new molecular targets and materials, and also (4) planning or rethinking upcoming pharmaceutical challenges The power of AI-QC makes accessible a range of different pharmaceutical problems and their rationalization that have not been previously addressed due to a lack of appropriate analytical tools, demonstrating the breadth of potential applications of these emerging multidimensional approaches. In this context, creating the right AI-QC strategy often involves a steep learning path, especially given the embryonic stage of the industry development and the relative lack of case studies documenting success. As such, a comprehensive knowledge of the underlying pillars is imperative to extend the landscape of applications across the drug life cycle. The topics enclosed in this chapter will focus on AI-QC methods applied to drug discovery and development, with emphasis on the most recent advances in this field.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Methods in Molecular Biology