Título del artículo:

From nursing based nursing: Patterns of knowledge: Looking at his narrative: Phenomenon of car

Introduction. From nursing based on evidence, as cognitive processes that put in place in front of each situation make evident to the process of Nursing as a fundamental tool for the direction of care. In the care phenomenon, the nursing situation arises as a scientific tool that allows to put into evidence the patterns of nursing knowledge proposed by Barbara Carper, the elements of the metaparadigm, as well as the phases of the nursing process. For the operationalization of the same, the taxonomy of diagnoses proposed by the NANDA was used, as well as the expected results (NOC) and the suggested interventions (NIC). Methodology. To clarify reality, it was approached from the ethnographic baggage focused as analytical methodology, exploring from the anthropological aspect of care, evidence-based nursing, patterns of knowledge from the care narrative as an epistemic basis for domains and taxonomies, taking into account the theoretical-epistemological adaptation based on the qualitative-interpretive paradigm through symbolic interactionism. Results and discussions. Nursing based on evidence, emerges as the new emerging paradigm, through the knowledge patterns, are part of the teaching and practice of nursing, in such a way that they increase its complexity and its epistemological diversity. Therefore, each employer gives an orientation of the problems and the questions of the discipline, recognizing that the changes are inherent in the development of knowledge in nursing. Methodological proposals. The phenomenon of care, emerges as a need the symbiosis between the nursing process and its transcendence in scientific research through evidence-based nursing, seen as a unique, individualized process of nursing practice through the narrative, using the tools of knowledge patterns, taking into account that the health-illness responses of human beings are part of the central core of the story and the meanings that people give them.

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Cultura de los Cuidados

Título del artículo:

Metaciclogénesis de T. cruzi en B. ferroae Metacyclogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi in B. ferroae (Reduviidae: Triatominae) and infectivity of faeces under laboratory conditions

Introduction: Belminus ferroae is a Triatominae that exhibits entomophagous behavior, however, it can occasionally feed on vertebrates. Currently, there is no evidence of natural infection with T. cruzi or the occurrence of metacyclogenesis in this species. Objective: To examine the metacyclogenesis of T. cruzi in B. ferroae and the infectivity of faeces or their intestinal contents in rodents under laboratory conditions. Materials and methods: Twenty-nymphs of B. ferroae were infected with an autochthonous strain of T. cruzi (M/HOM/VE/09/P6). Faeces and urine samples were collected by expelled spontaneously or by abdominal compression, and were examined at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 days. Also, the intestinal content was collected by dissection of the digestive tube. The quantification of parasitic load of T. cruzi and its evolutionary forms in feces, urine and intestinal contents was performed by Giemsa staining. Likewise, the infectivity of metacyclic trypomastigotes of T. cruzi was evaluated in albino mice. Results: Parasitological analysis revealed 3 (15%) of insects infected with T. cruzi, at 30 (N = 1), 40 (N = 1) and 50 (N = 1) days post infection; obtaining parasitic loads of up to 1.62 x105 trypanosomes/mm3, and percentages of metacyclogenesis between 3.5% to 6.78%. Conclusions: for first time the metacyclogenesis of T. cruzi in a species of the genus Belminus under laboratory conditions and the infectivity of faeces for a vertebrate host.

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Biomedica

Título del artículo:

May Measurement Month 2018: An analysis of blood pressure screening results from Colombia

High blood pressure (BP) is the leading global preventable cause of death and the most common risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, due to its asymptomatic nature, the lack of awareness of this condition causes underdiagnosis and low rates of adherence to pharmacological treatment. Looking for practical approaches to increase awareness worldwide, the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) implemented the 2nd May Measurement Month campaign in 2018 (MMM18). In order to contribute to this initiative, Colombia participated as one of the 89 countries involved in this hypertension screening programme. Blood pressure was measured in subjects from 11 departments in Colombia. Under the leadership of the Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), 400 volunteers across the country collected the data following the MMM protocol. Measurements from 35 548 participants with a mean age of 41.9 years were obtained. In total, 9475 (26.7%) of the total population studied had hypertension. Of those with hypertension, 69.9% of these subjects were aware of their condition, 65.0% were on antihypertensive medication, and 43.1% had controlled BP. Of those on medication, 66.3% had controlled BP. Hypertension screening, awareness, treatment, and control should be a priority in public health objectives due to its elevated burden of disease and direct association with increased CVD. The MMM campaign provided a positive impact in the diagnosis of hypertension across Colombia. Although efforts are being made to expand treatment capability and adherence, still more are needed to insure a broader coverage of antihypertensive medication in Colombia.

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European Heart Journal, Supplement

Título del artículo:

Global consensus on intervention guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation

Introduction: Cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) is considered as a model of comprehensive care that represents continuity in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with multiple benefits. Objective: To unite the different guidelines worldwide to determine the existence of a global consensus for the care of patients in cardiac rehabilitation. Materials and methods: We searched the guidelines of different countries around the world, from the year 2000 until December 2018. This search was performed in different databases such as: Scielo, Medline, Medscape, PubMed Central, EMBASE, Redalyc, DOAJ and OVID; also, searches were made in specialized journals and / or academic and scientific organizations from 21 countries. Results: 28 guides and/or documents from 21 different countries were found worldwide. These RCV documents in the US, Canada and Europe recommend that patients go from aerobic exercise of moderate to vigorous resistance throughout the program. However, those in the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand specify less intense exercises and less technical assessment of functional capacity. In addition, 50% of the documents collected, do not present special recommendations and those that do, do not give specific recommendations on their prescription and intervention. Conclusions: There is a consensus where it is mentioned that CVR generates improvements in functional capacity, physical strength, cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life. However, there is an absence of global recommendations on intensity and type of exercise in strength training and HIIT in the area of cardiac rehabilitation.

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Revista Cubana de Cardiologia y Cirugia Cardiovascular

Título del artículo:

A computational approach for leishmania genus protozoa detection in bone marrow samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis

This article reports a three-stage computational approach for the automatic detection of Leishmania protozoan in light microphotograph from bone marrow samples extracted from patients with visceral Leishmaniasis. The first stage corre-sponds to the pre-processing of the microscopy images, in which initially a low-pass filter or softener was applied to at-tenuate the undesired information associated with the images and preserve the edges in the objects contained in the im-ages. The pre-processing stage concluded with the application of consistent gradient operators to the smoothed images to emphasise the changes of the intensities associated with the protozoa edges by determining the gradient module. In the second stage, a procedure-oriented to the selection of regions of interest that were candidates to contain parasites in the pre-processed images was developed, based on the intensity analysis associated with a set of intensity profiles selected from the smoothed images. In the final stage, each region of interest containing protozoa was analysed on the gradient module by a technique based on polar maps, to clas-sify its content as a parasite of the genus Leishmania or not. The application of the proposed computational approach to a set of samples of patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis gener-ated a recognition parasite percentage of approximately 80%.

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Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica

Título del artículo:

IDENTIFICATION OF RHIZOSPHERIC AND ENDOPHYTIC DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED TO Lycopersicon esculentum Mill FROM THE NORTE OF SANTANDER, COLOMBIA

Diazotrophic bacteria can stimulate the growth of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop by hormone synthesis, with N fixation and the production of siderophores, or other processes. The predominant diazotrophic bacteria in agroecosystems may be potential biofertilizers. The aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the population of rhizospheric diatrophic bacteria in samples of rhizospheric soil (RS) and endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in root (R) and foliar material (FM) samples, with phenotypical and molecular tests. The study was exploratory and with random sampling, with 18 RS, roots (R) and FM samples of tomato plantations in six farms. The differences in the most probable number (MPN) of diazotrophic bacteria were not significant between the FM and R sampling sites. The mean of the Mfb displayed highly significant differences in Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. between the RS, R and FM samples, with a higher and lower MPN in RS and FM. This relates with the phenotypical and biochemical characterization of RS, in which 14 isolations were identified as Azotobacter sp., and seven as Azospirillum sp. The genera Burkholderia and Gluconacetobacter showed no significant differences in the number of isolations between RS and R samples, but they did with FM, with the lower cell population. The differences between the farms were not significant in the soil parameters, related to the dissimilarity of the MPN. Molecular characterization helped identify A. chroococcum, A. nigricans, A. vinelandii, A. brasilense, B. glumae and G. azotocaptans/G. johannae in samples of RS; B. glumae, G. azotocaptans/G. johannae in samples of R and G. azotocaptans/G. johannae in FM samples.

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Agrociencia

Título del artículo:

Structure of a physical exercise program directed at schoolchildren

Objective To conduct a thematic review of physical exercise programs for children in the global context. Methods The search for information was carried out in databases Redalyc, Scielo, Elsevier, Pubmed, Scopus, using descriptors in health such as motor activity, children, adolescents, warm-up exercise, muscle stretching exercises and cooling exercise. Full-length articles in Spanish and English were selected and published between 2008 and 2019. In addition, pages were consulted from organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia, the Administrative Department of Sports, recreation, physical activity and the use of free time, among others. The information was organized in an Excel database according to the year of publication, title, authors, methodology, phases and dimensions of the program. Results The information was analyzed and the structure of the activity program for schoolchildren was designed, taking into account the recommendations of the WHO and the legislation in force in Colombia. Conclusions The implementation of physical exercise programs from childhood and adolescence, promote healthy habits that positively impact health by decreasing risk factors of chronic non transmissible diseases. Their structure includes methodological characteristics such as duration, frequency, intensity, type of exercise and the warm-up, stretching, active or central phase, and cooling down or returning to calm phases.

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Revista de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

Strengthening anger management in the classroom: Contributions from B-learning training

The present study analysed the contributions of a B-learning training experience to the reduction of school conflicts in classrooms by encouraging cognitive-behavioural anger management techniques. Using a mixed concurrent nested dominant approach, research took place from 2015 to 2017 with 43 Colombian children between the ages of 8 and 14. Data was collected using a pre-test/post-test, checklists, observation logs, and a focus group. The findings showed satisfactory performance in the execution of the indicated techniques; these results were verified by Wilcoxon\'s Z test, showing a significant increase in the measurement of internal wrath control with both self-applied and hetero-applied instruments (-2,841 with sign. 0.004 in the hetero-applied instrument and -1,699 with sign. 0.089 in the STAXI-NA). Finally, an analysis of the qualitative results provides suggestions for improving the technical and pedagogical aspects.

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International Journal of Learning Technology

Título del artículo:

Spatial analysis of risk of morbidity and mortality by covid-19 in europe and the mediterranean in the year 2020

Disease mapping seeks to represent the risk of a disease. This paper focuses on the spatial analysis of risk for pandemic COVID-19 in Europe and the Mediterranean. Morbidity and mortality data for 54 countries in ratio format were used. Two hypotheses were considered, the first one is that the data are homogeneous and the second one is that the ratios are defined in a heterogeneous manner requiring the stratification on the basis of covariables and the methodology of Jenks’ intervals. Spatial risk models were applied as well as methods for the representation of clusters. The results show that the best representation is obtained with the Poisson-Gamma Model under stratification. The variations in the ratios are due to the individual policies of each country for the management of the pandemic. The cluster analysis shows that there is a high mortality process in Eastern Europe. The behavior of the pandemic should be evaluated in the space-time process as well as in other heterogeneous and highly unequal regions.

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Cuadernos Geograficos

Título del artículo:

Prevalence and risk factors of gastrointestinal parasites in backyard pigs reared in the bucaramanga metropolitan area, Colombia

Backyard pigs have been associated with poor sanitary conditions and the development of parasitic diseases, often causing public health and food safety problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal parasites in backyard pigs. 279 animals were sampled from thirtytwo backyard pig farms located in the Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Giron and Piedecuesta municipalities, from Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum and processed by four coprological techniques. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 91%, being the highest values for Balantidium coli and Eimeria sp. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was no statistical association (p ≥ 0.05) indicating that the prevalence was similar in the region under study. Floridablanca municipality, free-ranging pigs, access to latrines, and consumption of spring water showed to be a risk factor for nematodes, while Giron municipality, pigs > 7 months of age and access to latrines, increased infection risk for coccidian. We concluded that there is a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in backyard pigs from the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, and that it could be controlled by improving management practices and farm facilities.

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria

Título del artículo:

Computational thinking for teacher training: A systematic review of literature

The incorporation of computational thinking in the classroom has been identified as a fundamental strategy that could spread student participation and have an effective impact on learning. Although there are studies done on this subject, we do not find a systematic dissertation that compiles the fundamental practices of Computational Thinking in teacher training. That is why this article presents a systematic review of literature with the objective of summarizing studies on computational thinking for initial teacher training. Initially the search was conducted in five databases of scientific publications, 100 studies published in the last five years were obtained. After a method of analysis of each of them, verify that they match the requirements of the review, obtaining as a result the compilation of the main experiences and practices reported in the process of Computational Thinking for teachers. In addition, the determined systematic review will determine the associated problems, studies on computational thinking, characteristics, methodologies, teaching-learning strategies and trends. This article is an important starting point for future projects that wish to continue contributing to experiences that benefit both students and teachers in this field of Teaching Computational Thinking.

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Proceedings of the LACCEI international Multi-conference for Engineering, Education and Technology

Título del artículo:

Technology transfer model: Case study in an association of agricultural producers

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CISCI 2020 - Decima Novena Conferencia Iberoamericana en Sistemas, Cibernetica e Informatica, Decimo Septimo Simposium Iberoamericano en Educacion, Cibernetica e Informatica - Memorias

Título del artículo:

Contrasting associations between diabetes and cardiovascular mortality rates in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: Cohort study data from 143,567 individuals in 21 countries in the pure study

OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare cardiovascular (CV) events, all-cause mortality, and CV mortality rates among adults with and without diabetes in countries with differing levels of income. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study enrolled 143,567 adults aged 35–70 years from 4 high-income countries (HIC), 12 middle-income countries (MIC), and 5 low-income countries (LIC). The mean follow-up was 9.0 ± 3.0 years. RESULTS Among those with diabetes, CVD rates (LIC 10.3, MIC 9.2, HIC 8.3 per 1,000 person-years, P < 0.001), all-cause mortality (LIC 13.8, MIC 7.2, HIC 4.2 per 1,000 person-years, P < 0.001), and CV mortality (LIC 5.7, MIC 2.2, HIC 1.0 per 1,000 person-years, P < 0.001) were considerably higher in LIC compared with MIC and HIC. Within LIC, mortality was higher in those in the lowest tertile of wealth index (low 14.7%, middle 10.8%, and high 6.5%). In contrast to HIC and MIC, the increased CV mortality in those with diabetes in LIC remained unchanged even after adjustment for behavioral risk factors and treatments (hazard ratio [95% CI] 1.89 [1.58–2.27] to 1.78 [1.36–2.34]). CONCLUSIONS CVD rates, all-cause mortality, and CV mortality were markedly higher among those with diabetes in LIC compared with MIC and HIC with mortality risk remaining unchanged even after adjustment for risk factors and treatments. There is an urgent need to improve access to care to those with diabetes in LIC to reduce the excess mortality rates, particularly among those in the poorer strata of society.

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Diabetes Care

Título del artículo:

Bullying in adolescents: role, type of violence and determinants

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bullying and its determinants among adolescents attending school. Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of adolescents, who were selected using a multistage probability sampling, from 20 public educational institutions in a Colombian city, in which a simple and multivariate binomial regression was carried out. Results: A total of 500 adolescents participated from which 50.4% were women and 53.2% in their middle adolescence. Verbal violence prevailed in 66.5%, followed by physical violence in 32.0% and social bullying in 30.6%. 69.5% of the adolescents have been witnesses, 35.8% victims, and 14.2% aggressors. 80.5% of the aggressors were victims of bullying. In the multivariate analysis, an association was found between being a victim and having disabilities (PR:2.4; CI: 1.6-3.7), verbal aggression in the home (PR: 1.7; CI: 1.2-2.3) and drug abuse (PR: 1.7; CI 1.1-2.8). Being an aggressor was also associated with being a victim (PR: 7.2; CI 3.6-14.3) and alcohol abuse (PR: 2.2; CI: 1.3-3.8). Conclusion: Te frequency of bullying observed and the associated determinants demonstrate the persistence of this problem in adolescents and the need to develop a culture of appropriate and inclusive coexistence that goes beyond the school setting.

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Revista da Escola de Enfermagem

Título del artículo:

Anthropology and interculturality in first childhood: From the nursing care based on passage rites in an indigenous pume community

Introduction: Nursing practice should promote the maintenance of well-being and life, through respect for culture against disease, through models of care in the evidence-based pluricultural context. The objective of this study was to reveal the rites of early childhood Pumé, and its impact on cultural reproduction and health care found such as protective collars, the placement of clinical names and the predisposition of the child: writing and painting skills attributed to maturity during its growth. Methodology: We frame the look in a focused ethnography exploring interculturality, rites of steps. The group of social actors subject to study was made up of seven key informants of the Pumé Ethnicity, with more than 5 years in the Community studied. Conclusions: Cultural care in Early Childhood will include activities aimed at preserving or maintaining, adapting or negotiating, reorienting or restructuring the care granted to children. That is why in the multicultural context in which we live, it is important to incorporate beliefs and values of people and thus provide effective, satisfactory and coherent nursing care with their culture and with evidence-based nursing practice.

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Cultura de los Cuidados

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Gross anatomy, histology and morphometry of the digestive tract in the fish pterophyllum scalare (Perciformes: Cichlidae)

Ornamental Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare) is one of the main commercialized species from South America, with an important number of national and international dealers. Objective: To make a histological and morphometric description of P. scalare digestive tract. Methods: Nineteen adult individuals were used. Intestinal coefficient values were obtained, and a macroscopic and microscopic description of esophagus, stomach, and intestine (anterior, middle and posterior) was carried out. Samples were processed for paraffin embedding, and 5 µm sections were stained with H&E and P.A.S. Positive P.A.S. cells were counted. Lumen area and tissue area were measured in representative digitalized sections from each region. Results: P. scalare exhibited a short esophagus, followed by a blind bag shaped, scarcely muscular stomach, and a short intestine (intestinal coefficient 1.66 +/-0.52). Four constitutive tissue layers were identi-fied: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and in some areas also a serosa layer. Esophagus exhibit abundant globet P.A.S. + cells and shows the larger tisular area was observed. Luminal area and perimeter are larger in anterior intestinal region. Conclusions: the intestinal coefficient value (1.66 +/-0.52), and the histological and morphometric characteristics of the evaluated organs, suggest that P. scalare is omnivorous with soft prey preferences.

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Revista de Biologia Tropical

Título del artículo:

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics based on their cd4:Cd8 ratio. of hiv infected persons who consulted at corporación para investigacio-nes biológicas of medellín, Colombia

Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1+) patients with a CD4:CD8 ratio < 1 presents a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to not-associated AIDS events. The aim was to explore, in the selected population, sociodemographic and clinical variables, based on that ratio, because it is more in-formative than LT CD4+ and LT CD8+ by themselves. Materials and Methods: Observational, in HIV-1 infected patients attended at Biological Research Corporation. In 227 patients, age differences, LT CD4+ count, viral load, number and type of treatments were evaluated. The patients were divided in group A with a CD4:CD8 ratio equal or above to 1, and B bellow 1. Results: The study includes 71% of male and 29% of female. 22,5% were from group A and 77,5% from B. The mean of age was 42,8 years old in A and 45,3 years old in B (p=0,176). 100% of individuals from group A receive treatment, meanwhile 97,7% in B. Mean of LT CD4+ count was 772,4 cell/µL in A and 448,1 cell/µL in B (p=0,00001). In A, 90,2% had undetectable viral load vs 68,8% in B (p=0,002). 41,2% in A had only one type of treatment, vs 43,8% in B (p=0,744). Conclusion: Most of the patients had a CD4:CD8 ratio bellow to 1, despite an acceptable count of LTCD4++. To find a ratio bellow 1 in patients without an adequa-te virological control was more frequent. More studies to determinate variables associated with its normalization are required.

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Iatreia

Título del artículo:

Association between level and domains of physical activity in schoolchildren from 9 to 12 years

Objective To analyze the relationship between the level and domains of physical activity in school children from 9 to 12 years of public educational institutions of the Municipality of Los Patios, Cucuta, 2017, based on the information obtained through the questionnaire PAQ-C (Physical Activity Questionnaire for children). Methods Descriptive, transversal and analytical study. With a sample of 777 schoolchildren, a proportional stratified sampling was carried out. Consent and informed consent were signed, then the PAQ-C questionnaire was applied. Results 50,3% of schoolchildren are girls; 44% present a moderately active level, the free time domain has a greater degree of association with a correlation coefficient of 0,65 and is significant at a level of 0,01, followed by the household domain with a correlation coefficient of 0,617 and the school role 0,502. Conclusions It was determined that the level of physical activity of school children is moderately active and that it decreases with age, we can say that boys are more active than girls, in addition, there is a direct correlation between the domains and the general level of activity physical.

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Revista de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

Relationship between social determinants of health and functioning profile of people with disabilities from los patios municipality, norte de Santander, Colombia

Objective To analyze the relationship between social factors in health with the functioning profile of people with disabilities in the municipality of Los Patios, Norte de Santander. Method A sample of 246 people with a type of disability in the municipality Los Patios, Norte de Santander, under intentional non-probabilistic selection, were studied using the Registry for the Location and Characterization of Persons with Disabilities (RLPCD) and the functioning profile of people with disabilities (CIF) to identify the social determinants of health and the functioning profile, and determine their relationship. Results The sample was characterized by a higher percentage of men with disabilities (60.2%), in relation to women (39.8%), members in socioeconomic strata 1, 2 and 3 and age groups between 5 and 93 years old, with a high percentage that does not receive any type of income (79.2%). The main disabilities identified were mobility and the degree of functioning located between no deficiency and moderate deficiency with a relationship of dependence with the social determinants of health. Conclusions The study shows an evident relationship between the social determinants and the functioning profile of people with disabilities. Gender, level of education, income and socioeconomic status are elements that determine the degree of functionality of people with disabilities. It is fundamental, in the development of public policies aimed at the well-being of this type of population, that these factors are considered to ensure success in the implementation of appropriate policies.

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Revista de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

Tobacco consumption in university students: Motivation to the cessation and dependence

Introduction. In 2018, lung cancer ranked first worldwide in both incidence and mortality with 2.0 and 1.8 million cases respectively. In addition, in the last four years, it ranked fourth in prevalence, with 2.1 million cases per year. Objective. To determine tobacco dependence and motivation to quit in a sample of university students through standardized tests and semi-structured interviews. Materials and methods. This is a mixed, cross-sectional study. Fagerström and Richmond tests were used to evaluate nicotine dependence and cessation. Results. There is no relationship between the degree of motivation for smoking cessation and the level of dependence. The subjects presented a doubtful level of tobacco cessation despite being in a very low dependency. The family and social factor becomes a promoter of dependence and initiation. Conclusion. A low motivation for quitting consumption is identified, therefore, it is necessary to promote interventions aimed at tobacco care.

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Revista Lasallista de Investigacion

Título del artículo:

Anatomical and histochemical alterations caused by powdery mildew on hydrangea mac-rophylla (Hydrangeaceae) leaves

Introduction: There are few studies concerning the morpho-anatomical and histochemical alterations caused by powdery mildew in H. macrophylla leaves in the scientific literature. Objective: To describe and analyze anatomical and histochemical aspects of this pathosystem. Methods: More than 90 leaves of H. macrophylla (both healthy and infected leaves by powdery mildew) were collected in the nursery El Jardín del Eden, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia. To carry out the identification of the mycopatho-gen, sections were stained with Lactophenol Blue, and contrasted with specialized taxonomic keys. Transverse fragments 1 cm thick were fixed in a mixture of formalin, alcohol, and acetic acid. These were subsequently dehydrated using an ethanol series, clarified in Xylene, and finally embedded in Paraplast plus® to obtain 5 µm sections. Schiff’s periodic acid reaction (PAS) was used to detect structural and reserve polysaccharides, Ruthenium Red for pectins, Ponseau S and Lacmoid for callose, ferric chloride for polyphenols, Sudan Black for lipids and Uvitex 2B-Hematoxylin for chitin. The sections were observed using a Nikon 80i eclipse® pho-ton microscope, with Uvitex 2B-Hematoxylin-stained sections examined by epifluorescence using a UV-2A filter. For the observation and description of the samples by scanning electron microscopy, healthy and infected leaves were fixed and dehydrated in 100 % methanol, critical point dried, and coated with gold. Results: H. macrophylla leaves are isobilateral and homobaric, with adaxial and abaxial epidermis of a single cellular layer. The palisade parenchyma consists of a layer of short cells, while the spongy parenchyma forms 6 to 7 cellular layers. All vascular bundles in the leaf blade are closed collaterals. Abundant idioblasts with raphides may be observed in the mesophyll, and starch is the main reserve carbohydrate present in the tissues. The leaves are hypostomatic and exhibit a paracytic pattern of superficial stomata which possess large substomatal cavities. The morphological data observed indicate that the mycopathogen is related to the genus Erysiphe. The epidermal cells affected by the pathogen exhibit thickened walls, granular cytoplasm, and papillae or cell wall appositions in the outer periclinal walls. With the deterioration of the epidermis, the underlying tissues are affected and become necrotic. Histochemical test indicate that infected plants thicken and reinforce their epidermal cell walls with primary wall materials; primarily cutin, pectins, and callose. When stained with Sudan Black, the presence of dark-colored agglomerates in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells may be related to plant defense mechanisms; and those observed in mesophilic cells to the disorganization of membrane systems. Polyphenols accumulate in the cytoplasm of infected epidermal cells. The fungal material present in epidermal tissues was clearly differenti-ated when stained with fluorochrome to detect chitin. Conclusions: Species of the genus Erysiphe are causative agents of powdery mildew in H. macrophylla. Necrosis of the epidermal cells is observed in response to the mycopathogen, possibly due to hypersensitive response.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Revista de Biologia Tropical

Título del artículo:

Foliar anatomy of ten genotypes of the plant manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae)

Introduction: Cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz) is a perennial shrub native to South America that is an essential source of carbohydrates for more than 600 million people in tropical countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the leaf blade anatomy of ten genotypes of cassava. Methods: The methodology for anatomical descriptions was processed and 30 leaves of each of the varieties were included and sectioned according to paraffin impregnation protocols. Results: The results showed that the leaf blade anatomical structure of all the varieties in general terms show differences. All varieties had monostratified epidermis, leaf mesophyll consisted of a palisade parenchyma in a single layer and multiple layers of spongy parenchyma. Polyphenolic idioblasts were observed immersed in the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Between 3-7 xylem ribs with their respective phloem were found in the midrib in almost all varieties. Trichomes were only found in two varieties (NAT31-ECU72) and leaves were all hipostomatic. Conclusions: The results reveal that NAT31 is the material with the most anatomically marked differences (i.e. presence of trichomes, papillary cell, and, on the adaxial face, special provision in the arrangement of stomata and epicuticle wax patterns), characteristics that might be related to pest resistance.

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Revista de Biologia Tropical

Título del artículo:

Description of cellular lines in peripheral blood with blasts in different regions of colombia, 2017. Case series

Introduction: Leukemia constitutes a complex group of haemopathies, which due to their etiology, pathogenesis and mortality, can be considered a public health problem. Its early detection allows for timely remission for confirmation of the diagnosis and early start of treatment. Objective: To describe the sanguineous cellularity in a population with presence of blasts in peripheral blood coming from different regions of Colombia during the year 2017. Methods: A descriptive study, type case series. Hemograms and peripheral blood smears from patients with blast presence or a presumptive diagnosis of leukemia were analyzed in five cities of Colombia, all of whom met the inclusion criteria. Results: 39 patients with presence of de novo blasts from Cúcuta 48.7%, Valledupar 33.3%, Tunja 10.3%, Socorro 5.1% and Villavicencio 2.6% were found. All the individuals were affiliated to the Colombian healthcare system. Fifty four percent of the subjects were female, with an average age of 44.2 years for men and 32.5 for women. Seventy six percent of the patients presented moderate to severe leukocytosis and 69.2% neutropenia. Ninety-five percent had anemia, 51% hypochromia and 38% microcytes, 74% presented thrombocytopenia and 15% macroplates. Conclusions: These findings are a match to those found in the literature, as for the predominance of the disease by age and sex. Anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are a set of characteristics that remain constant in patients with leukemia.

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Iatreia

Título del artículo:

19. Mechanisms of action of Ib-M antimicrobial peptides against Escherichia coli. A structural and proteomic study

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Iatreia

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COVID-19 Pandemics: an opportunity to give Nursing global visibility

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Revista gaucha de enfermagem