Título del artículo:

Effects of a Nursing Intervention on Postoperative Pain Control in the Adult Patient

Introduction: Appropriate pain control is a crucial and necessary challenge to address in the surgical field, since it would produce a great impact patient recovery. Objective: To assess the effect of a nursing intervention applied during the perioperative period for pain control in the adult patient in the immediate postoperative period. Methods: Quantitative and quasiexperimental study carried out with two groups, an experimental and a control group, of adults operated on in the surgical room of a health institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia, in the first semester of 2017. The universe consisted of 3240 patients, while the calculated sample was 120. The intervention consisted in three phases, framed within the theory of unpleasant symptoms. The visual analog scale was used to assess pain. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analyses were performed. Betas were calculated with linear regression models and using the scores of the pain scale at ten to twenty and thirty minutes; as well as at one to one and half hours, and two hours. Results: The groups presented similar characteristics: in the experimental group, the scores of the pain scale decreased at ten minutes by 0.98 (95 % CI:-2.0; 0.02); at one hour, by 0.77 (95 % CI:-1.60; 0.05; at one and a half hours, by 0.71 (95 % CI:-1.13;-0.12); and at two hours, by 0.60 (95 % CI:-1.09;-0.10). Conclusions: The nursing intervention in the perioperative period, beyond the administration of analgesics, is fundamental to modify responses, as referred by Swanson\'s theory, unpleasant symptoms and their negative effects are improved or controlled; in this case, postoperative pain.

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Revista Cubana de Enfermeria

Título del artículo:

Differences in health policies for drug availability in pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension across Latin America

Treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in Latin America differs between countries, with regard to disease etiology, health insurance coverage, and drug availability. A group of experts from Latin America, met to share regional experiences and propose possible lines of collaboration. The available evidence, regional clinical practice data, and the global context of the proceedings of the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, held in Nice, France, in February 2018, were analyzed. Here, we discuss some priority concepts identified that could guide transnational interaction and research strategies in Latin America: (1) despite being evidence-based, the 6th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension proceedings may not be applicable in Latin American countries; (2) proactive identification and diagnosis of patients in Latin America is needed; (3) education of physicians and standardization of appropriate treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is vital; (4) our clinical experience for the treatment strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is based on drug availability in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and México; (5) there are difficulties inherent to the consultation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and access to treatment; (6) the importance of data generation and research of Latin American-specific issues related to pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is highlighted.

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Pulmonary Circulation

Título del artículo:

And Me…, Who Do I Mourn? Manifestations of Grief in Jardín Cementerio Universal de Medellín, Colombia

Cemeteries are propitious settings in which to mourn the death of a loved one. Such expressions of grief have particular social logics associated with there being a corpse buried in the grave. But how is the relationship of the mourner transformed when there is no body as a result of a forced disappearance? Do the mourners’ interactions differ when there is an identified body as opposed to when there is not? Guided by these questions, Jardín Cementerio Universal de Medellín is presented as a space that unveils strategies used to deal with the complexity of mourning a loved one’s death. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the manifestations of mourning present in graves with identified and unidentified bodies. To this end, an ethnographic exercise was conducted involving a qualitative analysis of funerary material culture and non-participant observation. The study documents the importance of having a physical space, the gravestone, where one can grieve the loss of a loved one. It is revealed that this space is especially relevant in the case of the indirect victims of forced disappearance, who go through complex mourning processes in the absence of a grave to hold their loved one’s body. In this case, the burial ground is a space that bears witness to the acts of violence that Colombia has suffered.

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Antipoda

Título del artículo:

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Leishmania infantum in Canine Shelters in Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area and Barrancabermeja, Andean Region Santander, Colombia

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by sand-flies to different hosts. In Colombia, Leishmania has been reported in dogs from rural and urban areas. The aims of the investigation were to define the risk factors of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) in canine shelters in municipalities of the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, and Barrancabermeja municipality, and to determine the seroprevalence for L. infantum. An observational study was carried out. The samples were analyzed with ELISA antibody anti-L. infantum (n=282). Epidemiological data about the risk factors were achieved by conducting a survey in these dog shelters (14 questions). The data were analyzed to determine the association between the variables under study and the results of the ELISA test. The seroprevalence of L. infantum was 4.3% in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area and zero (0/48) in Barrancabermeja. The dogs sleeping outdoor was associated with the odds for Leishmania in Bucaramanga (P=0.04). We have demonstrated the seroprevalence of L. infantum in canine shelters in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, possibly by the high contact of dogs with Lutzomyia spp. vectors. This data may help to identify risk factors in similar geographical areas, assisting to design new control strategies.

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International Journal of Veterinary Science

Título del artículo:

System dynamics and economic growth

This paper shows that economic theory can be analyzed by means of system dynamics, an intuitive approach that makes it possible to represent graphically the feedback loops between the variables involved in the models. It models Adam Smith’s view of growth, according to Robert Heilbroner’s highly simplified interpretation, (developed in a more comprehensive and exhaustive way by his teacher, the German sociologist and economist Adolph Lowe) by proposing a computational system for the study of complex models. The paper does not intend to make an original contribution to economic modeling, but to show a tool that allows simulations based on the principles of system dynamics, using specialized software. This tool can be used in teaching to show alternative modeling options to the conventional ones.

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Revista de Economia Institucional

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Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Colombia Resistant to the Treatment of Choice (Meglumine Antimoniate Plus Allopurinol)

This paper describes a case of canine visceral Leishmaniasis resistant to Meglumine Antimoniate plus allopurinol treatment in a canine patient from Colombia. A one-year-old castrated dog of the schnauzer breed was referred for veterinary consultation for showing a 2-month history of dermatological lesions on the back of the body and tail. Clinical examination revealed circular and ulcerative alopecic lesions delimited by a high relief border. Based on the clinical examination and laboratory analysis, canine leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum was established as a diagnosis. The patient was treated with Glucantime® (50mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for 4 weeks) plus Allopurinol® (10mg/kg twice a day orally for 10 months). Eight weeks after began treatment lesions had disappeared. However, two months later there was a clinical relapse. To our knowledge, it is the first report of resistance of canine Leishmaniasis to Glucantime® plus allopurinol in Colombia.

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International Journal of Veterinary Science

Título del artículo:

Still\'s disease in young adult patient

We present the case of a young adult patient who consulted for odynophagia fever and arthralgias, accompanied by non-pruritic rash, on physical examination adenomegaly and hepatomegaly were found, laboratories were requested with elevated ferritin, leukocytosis and neutrophilia and negative antibodies, using Yamaguchi\'s criteria the diagnosis was made and management with corticotherapy, NSAIDs and methotrexate was given with subsequent clinical improvement.

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Latin American Consensus on management of residual cardiometabolic risk. A consensus paper prepared by the Latin American Academy for the Study of Lipids and Cardiometabolic Risk (ALALIP) endorsed by the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC), the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS), and the Pan-American College of Endothelium (PACE)

Background: Hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, and tobacco (smoking, chewing, and vaping), together with a pro-inflammatory and procoagulant state, are the main risk factors related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objective and methods: A group of experts from the Americas, based on their clinical expertise in cardiology, cardiovascular prevention, and cardiometabolic (CM) diseases, joined together to develop these practical recommendations for the optimal evaluation and treatment of residual CM risk factors in Latin America, using a modified Delphi methodology (details in electronic TSI) to generate a comprehensive CM risk reduction guideline, and through personalized medicine and patient-centered decision, considering the cost-benefit ratio The process was well defined to avoid conflicts of interest that could bias the discussion and recommendations. Results: Residual risk reduction should consider therapeutic options adapted to specific patient needs, based on five treatment objectives: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, high blood pressure, and prothrombotic status. Comprehensive control of all CM risk factors should be a priority to deal with this important public health problem and prevent premature deaths. The recommendations in this paper address the evidence-based treatment of CM risk and are intended for clinical application in Latin American countries.

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Archivos de Cardiologia de Mexico

Título del artículo:

Psychometric Properties of an Instrument to Assess the Fear of COVID-19 in a Sample in Argentina: a Mixed Approach

The FCV-19S was the first instrument designed to assess the severity of fear related to COVID-19 and has already been validated in many languages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity and construct validity of the 5-item version of the FCV19S, using an online questionnaire in 599 people. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, and socioeconomic status were analyzed. In the evaluation process we assessed interitem correlation, item rest-correlation, confirmatory factor analysis: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, Comparative Fix Index, Tucker-Lewis Index; internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega), and the Rasch model was assessed for learning more about the psychometric properties of the scale, which allows a detailed knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of a scale. The FCV-5S has adequate psychometric indicators from the perspective of the Classical Theory of Items. The major limitations were using a self-reported measure and having a convenience sample not necessarily representative of the general population of Argentina.

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International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

Título del artículo:

Aerosol box for intubation of patients with suspected COVID-19: Simulation study

Introduction Endotracheal intubation is a procedure associated with a high level of exposure to the COVID-19 virus. This has led to the search of alternatives to reduce the risk of contamination, including the so-called aerosol box. Objective To compare time and difficulty of orotracheal intubation when using the aerosol box in a simulated setting. Methodology Observational study conducted with the participation of 33 anesthetist physicians and anesthesia residents; groups were compared in terms of time and intubation difficulty using a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope and the McGRATH™ MAC (Medtronic) videolaryngoscope with or without aerosol box. In order to determine performance with the intubation maneuver, crude hazard ratios were estimated, and a Cox multivariate regression model was built, adjusted by anesthetist years of experience and difficulties during the procedure. Results On average, the aerosol box increased intubation time by 7.57 seconds (SD 8.33) when the videolaryngoscope was used, and by 6.62 (SD 5.74) with the Macintosh. Overall, 132 intubations were performed, with 121 successful and 6 failed first-time attempts (4 with the use of the aerosol box); 16 participants (48.48%) reported difficulty handling the box. With the use of the Macintosh, intubation was found to be faster than with the videolaryngoscope (cHR: 1.36 [95% CI 0.64-2.88]; adjusted HR: 2.20 [95% CI 0.73-6.62]). Conclusions The use of the aerosol box and personal protective equipment in a simulation setting hinders the intubation maneuver and may result in protracted execution time.

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Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology

Título del artículo:

Role of Spanish Toddlers’ Education and Care Institutions in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study

To our knowledge, there are no published studies that describe the physical activity (PA) levels and objectively measure them through accelerometry in toddlers (2–3 years old) attending early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were two-fold: (a) to analyse toddlers’ PA levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) during school hours in ECEC institutions, as well as the rate of adherence to specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA); and (b) to evaluate the characteristics correlates (age, gender, and body mass index –BMI) of young children and the school environment on toddlers’ TPA, light PA (LPA), MVPA, and SB during school hours in ECEC institutions. PA was evaluated with ActiGraph accelerometers. The main findings were that: (a) toddlers engaged in very high amounts of TPA and MVPA during ECEC hours; (b) girls and boys displayed similar levels of LPA, TPA, and SB, while girls had lower levels of MVPA, compared to boys, and younger toddlers were less active than older ones; (c) BMI was not associated with PA of any intensity or SB; (d) playground and classroom density were not associated with higher levels of PA of any intensity, though classroom density was associated with SB. These ECEC institutions provide and challenge the new COVID-19 scenario, as well as supportive environments for toddlers’ PA.

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Children

Título del artículo:

Hypertension pharmacological treatment in adults: A world health organization guideline executive summary

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and deaths worldwide especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of safe, well-tolerated, and cost-effective blood pressure (BP)-lowering therapies, <14% of adults with hypertension have BP controlled to a systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mm Hg. We report new hypertension treatment guidelines, developed in accordance with the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development. Overviews of reviews of the evidence were conducted and summary tables were developed according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. In these guidelines, the World Health Organization provides the most current and relevant evidence-based guidance for the pharmacological treatment of nonpregnant adults with hypertension. The recommendations pertain to adults with an accurate diagnosis of hypertension who have already received lifestyle modification counseling. The guidelines recommend BP threshold to initiate pharmacological therapy, BP treatment targets, intervals for follow-up visits, and best use of health care workers in the management of hypertension. The guidelines provide guidance for choice of monotherapy or dual therapy, treatment with single pill combination medications, and use of treatment algorithms for hypertension management. Strength of the recommendations was guided by the quality of the underlying evidence; the tradeoffs between desirable and undesirable effects; patient\'s values, resource considerations and cost-effectiveness; health equity; acceptability, and feasibility consideration of different treatment options. The goal of the guideline is to facilitate standard approaches to pharmacological treatment and management of hypertension which, if widely implemented, will increase the hypertension control rate world-wide.

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Hypertension

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Contextual considerations using the ′control-chaos continuum′ for return to sport in elite football - Part 1: Load planning

The ‘control-chaos continnum’ is an adaptable framework developed to guide the on-pitch rehabilitation process in elite football. One of the key objectives of the continuum is to progressively return players to their preinjury chronic running load, while incorporating the qualitative aspects of movement and cognitive stresses integral to competitive match-play. Whilst injury and player-specific considerations are key to an individualised rehabilitation approach, a host of contextual factors also play an important role in return to sport (RTS) planning. In this article, we highlight some key intrinsic and extrinsic contextual factors for the practitioner to consider in the RTS planning process to help mitigate reinjury risk upon a return to team training. While a return to chronic running load is generally a critical component of the framework, we highlight circumstances in elite football where it is a less relevant factor in RTS decision-making.

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Physical Therapy in Sport

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Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm caused by non–penetrating trauma in a patient with hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis

Hereditary multiple osteochondromatosis is a genetic condition characterized by the appearance of numerous osteochondromas, which can cause pseudoaneurysms in rare cases. The following article describes a 15-year-old patient with a history of current massages as part of his gym routine, who arrived at the emergency department with 4 days of pain, and ecchymosis in the right popliteal region. Therefore, duplex ultrasonography and arteriography were performed, confirming the diagnosis of popliteal pseudoaneurysm, which was subsequently treated by open surgery, providing a satisfactory outcome.

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Radiology Case Reports

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Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computing as the Next Pharma Disruptors

Artificial intelligence (AI) consists of a synergistic assembly of enhanced optimization strategies with wide application in drug discovery and development, providing advanced tools for promoting cost-effectiveness throughout drug life cycle. Specifically, AI brings together the potential to improve drug approval rates, reduce development costs, get medications to patients faster, and help patients complying with their treatments. Accelerated pharmaceutical development and drug product approval rates can further benefit from the quantum computing (QC) technology, which will ultimately enable larger profits from patent-protected market exclusivity. Key pharma stakeholders are endorsing cutting-edge technologies based on AI and QC, covering drug discovery, preclinical and clinical development, and postapproval activities. Indeed, AI-QC applications are expected to become standard in the pharma operating model over the next 5–10 years. Generalizing scalability to larger pharmaceutical problems instead of specialization is now the main principle for transforming pharmaceutical tasks on multiple fronts, for which systematic and cost-effective solutions have benefited in areas such as molecular screening, synthetic pathway design, and drug discovery and development. The information generated by coupling the life cycle of drugs and AI and/or QC through data-driven analysis, neural network prediction, and chemical system monitoring will enable (1) better understanding of the complexity of process data, (2) streamlining the design of experiments, (3) discovering new molecular targets and materials, and also (4) planning or rethinking upcoming pharmaceutical challenges The power of AI-QC makes accessible a range of different pharmaceutical problems and their rationalization that have not been previously addressed due to a lack of appropriate analytical tools, demonstrating the breadth of potential applications of these emerging multidimensional approaches. In this context, creating the right AI-QC strategy often involves a steep learning path, especially given the embryonic stage of the industry development and the relative lack of case studies documenting success. As such, a comprehensive knowledge of the underlying pillars is imperative to extend the landscape of applications across the drug life cycle. The topics enclosed in this chapter will focus on AI-QC methods applied to drug discovery and development, with emphasis on the most recent advances in this field.

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Methods in Molecular Biology

Título del artículo:

Pancoast tumor in a patient with shoulder pain

We present the case of a patient with long-term right hemithorax pain managed as rotator cuff syndrome who underwent a chest X-ray with a report of an ill-defined image in the right upper hemithorax and later a chest CT scan with a mass of neoplastic appearance described in the right upper lobe that was later confirmed as malignant with histological diagnosis.

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Purple urine bag syndrome

The case of a patient with urinary urinary incontinence due to hemiplegia who comes to the consultation for fever and general malaise is presented, it is striking that he brings a collection bag of purple coloration, urinary tract infection is identified and with antibiotic management resolves purple coloration of the bag, a semiological finding is described by a chemical reaction that involves urine, plastic and certain enzymes of some bacteria that produce sulfatases and phosphatases.

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Atencion Primaria Practica

Título del artículo:

Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics — from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership — that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD.

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Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal association boosted the arsenic resistance in crops with special responsiveness to rice plant

Arsenic (As) is a potentially toxic metalloid classified as a group 1 carcinogen, released in the soil environment because of natural as well as different anthropogenic activities. The presence of excess As content in soil and irrigation water enhances the As accumulation in rice grains. Millions of people who consume these contaminated grains are exposed to severe health issues. Increased arsenic uptake causes oxidative stress in plants, which combats by inducing the expression of several genes and signaling the biosynthesis of various antioxidants and phytochelatins. As toxicity reduces crop productivity, so it\'s critical to improve plant growth in As-contaminated environments while minimizing metal translocation to grains. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) is considered a sustainable way to tolerate As toxicity. Organic pollutants metabolism by AMF, degradation of these soil contaminants by AMF exudation enzymes, and elimination of the pollutants by plant uptake and accumulation are the principal mechanisms of AMF mediated bioremediation. However, plant responses are established to vary with the host plant and the species of AMF. In our review, we showed that understanding the community composition, diversity, and gene regulation of AMF in the rice ecosystem played a critical role in maximizing As uptake and their potential in sustainable rice and other crops production. It has been reviewed that AMF has the potential to survive in an extremely As toxic condition and it potentially aids to improve the tolerance level of host plants.

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Environmental and Experimental Botany

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Drop jump neuromuscular performance qualities associated with maximal horizontal deceleration ability in team sport athletes

The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between, and within, drop jump (DJ) neuromuscular performance (NMP) qualities and maximal horizontal deceleration ability. We also compared DJ NMP qualities in “high” versus “low” horizontal deceleration ability athletes. Twenty-nine university athletes performed: (1) DJs on force plates from 20 (DJ20) and 40 cm (DJ40) heights and (2) maximal horizontal deceleration, measured using radar, following a 20 m acceleration. Maximal horizontal deceleration was evaluated using deceleration (HDEC; m·s−2), across the entire deceleration phase and during early and late deceleration sub-phases. Of the DJ variables assessed, DJ20 and DJ40 reactive strength index (RSI) and concentric mean force had the largest correlations with HDEC (r = −0.54 to −0.61) and the largest differences between high and low HDEC groups (d = 1.20 to 1.40). These correlations were stronger with the early than late HDEC sub-phase (r = −0.54 to −0.66 vs. r = −0.24 to −0.40). Notably, eccentric mean force in DJ40 had large correlations with both DJ20 and DJ40 concentric mean force (r = 0.67 to 0.77), whereas at DJ20 these correlations were small (r = 0.22 to 0.40). Similarly, DJ40 eccentric mean force had a much larger difference between the high and low HDEC groups than DJ20 (d = 1.11 vs. 0.51). These findings suggest DJ RSI from either height may be used as a proxy for HDEC ability, while DJ kinetic analyses should use a higher height to distinguish those with a better capacity to generate eccentric braking forces under increased eccentric loading demands. HIGHLIGHTS Players with greater drop jump reactive strength index (RSI) demonstrated superior horizontal deceleration ability. Drop jump RSI had a greater association with the early compared to the late horizontal deceleration sub-phase. Of the drop jump kinetic variables examined, concentric mean force had the largest associations with horizontal deceleration ability.

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European Journal of Sport Science

Título del artículo:

Psychometric performance of the brief Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity (Francis-4) in Mexican university students

The brief Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity (Francis-4) psychometric performance in Mexico is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the dimensionality, homogeneity, gender differential item functioning (DIF), and nomological validity of Francis-4. 1,108 university students between 18 and 60 years of age were evaluated; 80.4% were women (n = 891). CFA was performed with the following fit indicators: chi-square, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and McDonald’s omega were calculated. For nomological validity, the mean and standard deviation according to gender were compared with Student’s t-test. Gender DIF was quantified with Kendall’s tau-b. The CFA revealed the following goodness-of-fit coefficients: chi-square = 25.45, df = 2, p = .001, RMSEA = .10, 90% CI.07 –.14, CFI = .99, TLI = .99, and SRMR = .01. Cronbach’s alpha of.97 and McDonald’s omega were.97. Scores were significantly higher in women than in men (M = 8.9, SD = 5.4 versus M = 7.6, t = 3.15, p = .002). Kendall’s tau ranged from.07 to.09 indicating absence of gender DIF. Francis-4 is a unidimensional instrument with nomological validity, high internal consistency, and absence of gender DIF. It is recommended to evaluate its performance in other populations.

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Journal of Beliefs and Values

Título del artículo:

Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in primary care patients in Colombia

Objective: To assess the validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for depression and anxiety screening in primary care patients in Colombia. Methods: A criterion validity study was conducted with 243 adults that had completed the HADS and were later assessed using the MINI as a gold standard. Cronbach\'s alpha, McDonald\'s omega and factor structure were applied through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). ROC curve analysis and Youden\'s statistic were used to determine the cut-off point. Results: Cronbach\'s α was reported to be 0.85 and 0.82 for McDonalds\' ω. CFA supported a two-factor solution demonstrating satisfactory fit. Root mean square error of approximation = 0.04, Comparative Fix Index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.97. For HADS-A, the cut-off point was determined as 6 associated with a sensitivity of 0.76, a specificity of 0.72 and Youden\'s index of 0.50. The ABC was 0.81. For HADS-D, the cut-off point was determined as 4 associated with a sensitivity of 0.78, a specificity of 0.74 and Youden\'s index of 0.53. The ABC was 0.82. Conclusion: The HADS is a valid and reliable instrument for anxiety and depression screening in adult patients of primary healthcare services in Colombia.

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General Hospital Psychiatry

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Phytochemical characterisation and in vivo antilithiatic activity of the stems of Caesalpinia bahamensis (Brasilete)

The aim of this work was to identify the main chemical constituents and to evaluate the antilithiatic activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of stems of Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the hydroalcoholic extract was carried out by flash chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The antilithiatic activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts was evaluated in Wistar rats, where kidney stones were induced by ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride. Creatinine, calcium, and oxalate levels were evaluated and histological analysis was carried out. The homoisoflavonoids protosappanin B, 10-methyl-protosappanin B and brazilin were isolated and the antilithiatic activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts was demonstrated by the reduction of the concentration of calcium and oxalate in urine compared to the lithiasis group. It was corroborated by histological analysis. Brazilin and protosappanin B were proposed as chemical markers for this plant species.

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Natural Product Research

Título del artículo:

Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in the general Colombian population

The study aimed to adapt and explore the psychometric performance of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in the general Colombian population. The original FCV-19S is a 7-item scale that underwent an adaptation (Item 1 and 5 were deleted). From an online sample of 1,687 adults (59% female), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for versions of the scale with 6 and 5 items. Cronbach\'s alpha and McDonald\'s omega were calculated. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-item scale (Fear of COVID-5) presented better indicators. In conclusion, the Fear of COVID-5 has acceptable performance in the Colombian population.

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Death Studies

Título del artículo:

Proposal of a method to evaluate the in-situ oxidation of polyphenolic during the cocoa drying

In this work, the oxidation of polyphenols during drying of cocoa beans by using microwaves (MWs), applied in an ON-OFF mode, was studied. Phenolic compounds were quantified in cocoa beans before and after drying. Total phenolics content was analyzed by using some analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To study the oxidation process in-situ, an innovative methodology was proposed based on the counting of the coloring of the polyphenols contained in the parenchyma cells of the cocoa beans (cotyledon). The level of coloration in the inner zone and the surface of the dried cocoa beans showed that degradation of polyphenol compounds during the drying does not obey to a transport mechanism (diffusion), but in-situ oxidative processes.

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Drying Technology