Título del artículo:

Physical preparation and return to performance of an elite female football player following ACL reconstruction: A journey to the FIFA Women\'s World Cup

ACL injuries are among the most severe knee injuries in elite sport, with a high injury burden and re-injury risk. Despite extensive literature on the injury and the higher incidence of injury and re-injury in female athletes, there is limited evidence on the return to sport (RTS) of elite female football players following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). RTS is best viewed on a continuum aligning the recovery and rehabilitation process with the ultimate aim-A return to performance (RTP erf). We outline the RTS and RTP erf of an elite female football player following ACLR and her journey to the FIFA Women\'s World Cup, including the gym-based physical preparation and the on-pitch/sports-specific reconditioning. We used the control-chaos continuum\' as a framework for RTS, guiding a return above pre-injury training load demands while considering the qualitative nature of movement in competition. We then implemented the RTP erf pathway\' to facilitate a return to team training, competitive match play and a RTP erf. Objective information, clinical reasoning and shared decision-making contributed to this process and helped the player to reach her goal of representing her country at the FIFA Women\'s World Cup.

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BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine

Título del artículo:

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in shelter dogs in Bucaramanga metropolitan area, Colombia

The heartworm Dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis in dogs and cats and also infects humans. The current knowledge about this parasite in South America is scarce compared to North America and Europe. Nevertheless, this parasite has been reported in some regions of Colombia. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with D. immitis infection in shelter dogs from Bucaramanga metropolitan area. We performed a cross-sectional study using blood samples from shelter dogs. Microfilariae testing of whole blood included a blood smear and modified Knott\'s test. Antigen testing of serum was performed using the Anigen Rapid HW Ag Test Kit 2.0 ®. A descriptive analysis and univariable logistic regression analysis were applied. A total of 207 whole blood samples, from 7 shelters dogs in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, were utilized. The overall prevalence of D. immitis observed in shelter dogs in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area by blood smears and modified Knott\'s test was 6.3% (13/ 207) and 0.5% (1/207) by immunochromatography test kit. Regarding the prevalence by municipalities, there was a statistical association (P < .05), indicating that the prevalence was higher in dogs in Girón municipality. Likewise, there was a statistical association (P < .05) between the prevalence with respect to heartworm knowledge and mosquito control. For prevalence by gender, age group, dog breed, and hair length, there was no statistical association (P > .05). For Girón municipality there was a 7.1 times (OR = 7.1; CI95% 0.8–59.2; P < .05) increased infection risk. This study provides current data and the first known report of the prevalence of D. immitis microfilaremia and antigenemia in shelter dogs in the Bucaramanga metropolitan area, and these results could be useful for designing new control measures for this infection. We observed that the prevalence of both microfilaremia and antigenemia was significantly lower in these sampled dogs compared to previous reports.

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Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

Título del artículo:

Risk of dengue virus infection according to serostatus in individuals from dengue endemic areas of Mexico

The variability in the host immune response directed against dengue virus (DENV) has demonstrated the need to understand the immune response associated with protection in incident infection. The objective was to estimate the association between serostatus and the risk of incident DENV infection. We used a prospective study from 2014 to 2016 in the localities of Axochiapan and Tepalcingo, Morelos, Mexico. We recruited 966 participants, of which, according to their infection history registered were categorized in four groups. To accomplish the objectives of this study, we selected to 400 participants older than 5 years of age were followed for 2.5 years. Blood samples were taken every 6 months to measure serological status and infection by ELISA. In individuals with at least two previous infections the risk of new infection was lower compared to a seronegative group (hazard ratio adjusted 0.49, 95% CI 0.24–0.98), adjusted for age and locality. Therefore, individuals who have been exposed two times or more to a DENV infection have a lower risk of re-infection, thus showing the role of cross-immunity and its association with protection.

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Scientific Reports

Título del artículo:

Standardized treatment to improve hypertension control in primary health care: The HEARTS in the Americas Initiative

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive medications, the control of hypertension at a global level is dismal, and consequently, the CVD burden continues to increase. In response, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are implementing the HEARTS in the Americas, a community-based program that focuses on increasing hypertension control and CVD secondary prevention through risk factor mitigation. One key pillar is the implementation of a standardized hypertension treatment protocol supported by a small, high-quality formulary. This manuscript describes the methodology used by the HEARTS in the Americas program to implement a population-based standardized hypertension treatment protocol. It is rooted in a seamless transition from existing treatment practices to best practice using pharmacologic protocols built around a core set of ideal antihypertensive medications. In alignment with recent major hypertension guidelines, the HEARTS in the Americas protocols call for the rapid control of blood pressure, through the use of two antihypertensive medications, preferably in the form of a single pill, fixed-dose combination, in the initial treatment of hypertension. To date, the HEARTS in the Americas program has seen the improvement in antihypertensive medication formularies and the establishment of pharmacologic treatment protocols tailored to individual participating countries. This has translated to significant increases in hypertension control rates post-program implementation in these jurisdictions. Thus, the HEARTS in the Americas program could serve as a model, for not only the Americas Region but globally, and ultimately decrease the burden of CVD.

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Journal of Clinical Hypertension

Título del artículo:

Amidated Cellulose Nanofibrils as Demulsifying Agents for a Natural Water-in-Heavy-Crude-Oil Emulsion

The presence of emulsified water in heavy crude oils invariably causes processing problems and financial costs associated with an increased energy input required to handle highly viscous fluids. Thus, physical or chemical separation methods are usually applied to dehydrate crude oils before processing. Dehydration chemicals or demulsifiers are among the most widely used chemical strategies to rid heavy crude oil from water. In this work, we explore the use of amidated cellulose nanofibrils as dehydrating agents for a water-in-heavy-crude-oil emulsion. Using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as raw material, we extracted oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (1.25 mmol COOH/g cellulose) via ultrasound-assisted TEMPO oxidation. TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) were rendered hydrophobic through the coupling with dodecyl- and octadecylamine through one-pot amidation reactions. The introduction of C12 and C18 alkyl moieties on the cellulose surface was enough to promote the dispersion of the materials in toluene and increase the water contact angle (CA) from 17° for TOCN to 61° and 67° for TOCN-AMDC12 and TOCN-AMDC18, respectively. HLB values of 9.6 and 9.2 for TOCN-AMDC12 and TOCN-AMDC18 are characteristic of dehydrating agents for w/o emulsions. Thus, the materials were tested as demulsifying agents for the disruption of a natural water-in-heavy-crude-oil emulsion with a water content of 55%. Conventional tests (BSW, bottle test) showed the ability of TOCN-AMDC12 and TOCN-AMDC18 to effectively dehydrate the emulsions, with a water recovery up to 74%, when used at 1500 ppm in toluene as the carrier fluid. Optical microscopy and rheological analysis were performed before and after the nanofluids\' application to determine the viscosity profile of the emulsion and to observe the types and sizes of water droplets in the oil phase after dehydration.

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Energy and Fuels

Título del artículo:

Availability and affordability of medicines and cardiovascular outcomes in 21 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries

Objectives We aimed to examine the relationship between access to medicine for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among people at high risk of CVD in high-income countries (HICs), upper and lower middle-income countries (UMICs, LMICs) and low-income countries (LICs) participating in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Methods We defined high CVD risk as the presence of any of the following: hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, smoker, diabetes or age >55 years. Availability and affordability of blood pressure lowering drugs, antiplatelets and statins were obtained from pharmacies. Participants were categorised: group 1-all three drug types were available and affordable, group 2-all three drugs were available but not affordable and group 3-all three drugs were not available. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with nested clustering at country and community levels, adjusting for comorbidities, sociodemographic and economic factors. Results Of 163 466 participants, there were 93 200 with high CVD risk from 21 countries (mean age 54.7, 49% female). Of these, 44.9% were from group 1, 29.4% from group 2 and 25.7% from group 3. Compared with participants from group 1, the risk of MACEs was higher among participants in group 2 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.31), and among participants from group 3 (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.50). Conclusion Lower availability and affordability of essential CVD medicines were associated with higher risk of MACEs and mortality. Improving access to CVD medicines should be a key part of the strategy to lower CVD globally.

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BMJ Global Health

Título del artículo:

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema after intoxication with amlodipine

BACKGROUND: Dihydropyridines are a group of calcium channel antagonist drugs used in the management of high blood pressure, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. Their adverse reactions are infrequent, acute noncardiogenic lung edema is one of them. It is caused by various disorders that trigger an increase in the permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane. CLINICAL CASE: A 16-year-old male, who, 8 hours after taking six tablets of amlodipine, presented persistent chest pain associated with dyspnea. In his hospital stay, hypoxemia marked with signs of edema and pulmonary congestion was evidenced, thus, diuretic therapy was initiated, and vasopressor support required. It was considered a picture of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema related to amlodipine intoxication with good response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In many occasions, distinguishing what type of acute lung edema the patient has can be complex; however, the possibility of ingesting medications should not be ruled out, as in the reported case.

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Medicina Interna de Mexico

Título del artículo:

White rice intake and incident diabetes: A study of 132,373 participants in 21 countries

OBJECTIVE Previous prospective studies on the association of white rice intake with incident diabetes have shown contradictory results but were conducted in single countries and predominantly in Asia. We report on the association of white rice with risk of diabetes in the multinational Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data on 132,373 individuals aged 35–70 years from 21 countries were analyzed. White rice consumption (cooked) was categorized as <150, ≥150 to <300, ≥300 to <450, and ≥450 g/day, based on one cup of cooked rice 5 150 g. The primary outcome was incident diabetes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a multivariable Cox frailty model. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 9.5 years, 6,129 individuals without baseline diabetes developed incident diabetes. In the overall cohort, higher intake of white rice (≥450 g/day compared with <150 g/day) was associated with increased risk of diabetes (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02–1.40; P for trend 5 0.003). However, the highest risk was seen in South Asia (HR 1.61; 95% CI 1.13–2.30; P for trend 5 0.02), followed by other regions of the world (which included South East Asia, Middle East, South America, North America, Europe, and Africa) (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.08–1.86; P for trend 5 0.01), while in China there was no significant association (HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.77–1.40; P for trend 5 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of white rice is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes with the strongest association being observed in South Asia, while in other regions, a modest, nonsignificant association was seen.

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Diabetes Care

Título del artículo:

Compressive evaluation of mansory bricks produced with industrial byproduct aggregates

This study evaluates the effect upon the compressive strength of ceramic masonry bricks when industrial byproducts known as soot are added. The research includes an analysis of the granulometric properties of the constituent components, performed manually with ASTM C136-01 screens to determine particle size using apertures sized from large to small; an analysis by XRD of the mineralogical phases present; a compressive strength analysis performed using standard compression testing machinery; and a water absorption measurement calculated according to Colombian Technical Standard: 4017:2015—Methods for the Sampling and Testing of Masonry Elements and other Clay Products. Five trials were performed using different mixtures of clay and soot, at substitution rates of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%. These mixtures were prepared under identical conditions in order to ensure validity of the resulting comparisons. The results showed that bricks with 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% added soot demonstrated superior structural strength compared to conventional units. Bricks incorporating 60% soot, however, were found to have lower strength and high porosity.

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International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology

Título del artículo:

Managing the return to sport of the elite footballer following semimembranosus reconstruction

Hamstring strains are the most common injury in elite football and typically occur during high-speed running. Despite its important contribution to power production in the late swing phase, injury to the semimembranosus (SM) is less common than to the biceps femoris, but may involve the free tendon and depending on the degree of retraction, warrant surgical repair. Few case reports detail clinical reasoning, supported by objective data during rehabilitation in elite footballers, and none have described the return to sport (RTS) process following this type of hamstring injury. In this article, we outline the management and RTS of an English Premier League (EPL) footballer who suffered a high-grade SM proximal tendon tear during training. Due to the degree of retraction of the free tendon, the player underwent surgical reconstruction at the recommendation of an orthopaedic surgeon. Early physiotherapy care, nutritional support, on-and off-pitch injury-specific reconditioning and global athletic development are outlined, alongside strength and power diagnostic and global positioning systems data, assessment of pain, player feedback and MRI informed clinical reasoning and shared decision-making during the RTS process. 18 weeks post-surgery the player returned to team training, transferring to a new club 3 weeks later. 2.5 years post RTS, the player remains free of re-injury playing regularly in the EPL.

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BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine

Título del artículo:

A New Homoisoflavonoid from Caesalpinia bahamensis

Homoisoflavonoids constitute a rare subclass of flavonoids restricted to only some plant species, including members of the genus Caesalpinia. This research focused on homoisoflavonoids from Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam., Fabaceae, a medicinal plant used in Cuban traditional medicine and known as “brasilete.” An hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from the stem, followed by liquid-liquid partition and further chromatographic separations, resulting in the isolation and structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of an undescribed 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)chromane-4,7-diol, for which the name metasappanin was proposed. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

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Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

Título del artículo:

Household and personal air pollution exposure measurements from 120 communities in eight countries: results from the PURE-AIR study

Background: Approximately 2·8 billion people are exposed to household air pollution from cooking with polluting fuels. Few monitoring studies have systematically measured health-damaging air pollutant (ie, fine particulate matter [PM2·5] and black carbon) concentrations from a wide range of cooking fuels across diverse populations. This multinational study aimed to assess the magnitude of kitchen concentrations and personal exposures to PM2·5 and black carbon in rural communities with a wide range of cooking environments. Methods: As part of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) cohort, the PURE-AIR study was done in 120 rural communities in eight countries (Bangladesh, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe). Data were collected from 2541 households and from 998 individuals (442 men and 556 women). Gravimetric (or filter-based) 48 h kitchen and personal PM2·5 measurements were collected. Light absorbance (10−5m−1) of the PM2·5 filters, a proxy for black carbon concentrations, was calculated via an image-based reflectance method. Surveys of household characteristics and cooking patterns were collected before and after the 48 h monitoring period. Findings: Monitoring of household air pollution for the PURE-AIR study was done from June, 2017, to September, 2019. A mean PM2·5 kitchen concentration gradient emerged across primary cooking fuels: gas (45 μg/m3 [95% CI 43–48]), electricity (53 μg/m3 [47–60]), coal (68 μg/m3 [61–77]), charcoal (92 μg/m3 [58–146]), agricultural or crop waste (106 μg/m3 [91–125]), wood (109 μg/m3 [102–118]), animal dung (224 μg/m3 [197–254]), and shrubs or grass (276 μg/m3 [223–342]). Among households cooking primarily with wood, average PM2·5 concentrations varied ten-fold (range: 40–380 μg/m3). Fuel stacking was prevalent (981 [39%] of 2541 households); using wood as a primary cooking fuel with clean secondary cooking fuels (eg, gas) was associated with 50% lower PM2·5 and black carbon concentrations than using only wood as a primary cooking fuel. Similar average PM2·5 personal exposures between women (67 μg/m3 [95% CI 62–72]) and men (62 [58–67]) were observed. Nearly equivalent average personal exposure to kitchen exposure ratios were observed for PM2·5 (0·79 [95% 0·71–0·88] for men and 0·82 [0·74–0·91] for women) and black carbon (0·64 [0·45–0·92] for men and 0·68 [0·46–1·02] for women). Interpretation: Using clean primary fuels substantially lowers kitchen PM2·5 concentrations. Importantly, average kitchen and personal PM2·5 measurements for all primary fuel types exceeded WHO\'s Interim Target-1 (35 μg/m3 annual average), highlighting the need for comprehensive pollution mitigation strategies. Funding: Canadian Institutes for Health Research, National Institutes of Health.

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The Lancet Planetary Health

Título del artículo:

Pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity study of malva pseudolavatera webb & berthel. And malva sylvestris l. (malvaceae) leaf extracts, grown in ecuador

Among the cultivated and/or native plant species of Ecuador, are those belonging to Malvaceae. Of these, the most traditionally used are Malva pseudolavatera Webb & Berthel. and Malva sylvestris L., which are grown and sold in indigenous markets. Various articles have been published for M. sylvestris about its chemical composition and pharmacological properties; however, M. pseudolavatera lacks references and is the most commercialized in Ecuador. Therefore, this work sets the following objective: To carry out a comparative study of the pharmacognostic, chemical and mucolytic activity of the species M. pseudolavatera and M. sylvestris. The species studied were collected in the province of Chimborazo. Extracts were obtained with different solvents: water, hexane and 80% ethanol. The aqueous extract was used to determine the mucolytic activity; the hexane and alcoholic extracts were analyzed by the coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. It was found that M. pseudolavatera has a very similar chemical composition to M. sylvestris; The presence of fatty acids, di and triterpenoids, phytosterols and abundant amino acids was detected. Both species showed an important mucolytic effect, the activity of M. pseudolavatera being higher than the highest doses tested. These studies provide scientific data that allow demonstrating the high potentiality of extracts from the leaves of two Malva species as sources of plant material for possible research and development of phytotherapeutic products with mucolytic and gastroprotective activity in correspondence with their uses in traditional Ecuadorian herbal medicine.

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Biodiversitas

Título del artículo:

Copper Recovery from PCBs by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Toxicity of Bioleached Metals on Biological Activity

Abstract: The suitability and limits of bioleaching for copper recovery from printed circuits boards has been stated with new strategies and methodologies. The process has been tested using a continuous column reactor simulating those conditions found at industrial scale. The new strategy developed improved the kinetic reaction rate and overcomes transport limitations for the leaching solution, thus improving copper recoveries from 50 to 80% in only 6 h. This drastically reduced the time required by previous studies to achieve the same copper recovery. Inhibition effects of the biological process due to the release of metals from e-waste has been identified by means of microrespirometric monitoring tests. This systematic study allowed identifying that nickel, copper and aluminum impact the microorganisms’ activity, inactivating them in specific scenarios (depending on the concentration and the time exposed). Including the time exposure as variable, this work demonstrated that metal concentrations that have been reported as non-toxic to microorganisms, resulted toxic when the required leaching contact time was considered. Besides high iron concentrations also produce inhibitory effect on the microorganisms’ growth, despite being the energy source for their metabolism. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

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Waste and Biomass Valorization

Título del artículo:

Facing cardiovascular risk in Ibero-America

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Revista Espanola de Cardiologia

Título del artículo:

Hydrogen production from palm kernel shell: Kinetic modeling and simulation

The hydrogen production process from palm kernel shell (PKS) is modeled and simulated by a steady-state gasification system using Aspen PLUS®. The kinetic parameters of the gasification are determined by employing thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) using two gasifying agents (CO2 and steam) and applying three semi-empirical kinetic models to interpret the experimental results (linear model, grain model, and volumetric model). The process was subjected to different temperatures (750–950 °C) and different compositions of the steam/biomass ratio (S/B) (0–2.5). It is obtained that the linear model and the grain model have the best R2 with the gasification results of the PKS with steam (0.966) and CO2 (0.965), respectively. The steam reaction kinetic parameters obtained were E=125.79KJ/mol and A=26.23s−1, and for the reaction with CO2, they were E=99.87KJ/mol andA=6.3s−1. The production yield of H2 (109 g H2/PKS kg) is reached at the highest temperature (950 °C) and the lowest S/B ratio (0). It is concluded that the model can predict with greater precision the hydrogen composition in the syngas, with a 0.135 mean square error, compared to other authors that present a 0.282 mean square error.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Título del artículo:

Ketogenic diets as treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

During the last decades, several interventions for the management of overweight and obesity have been proposed. Among diets, the first studies focused on the effect of water only and total fasting diets with or without proteins. Unfortunately, they were found to be associated with adverse events which lead to the abandon of these strategies. Interestingly, despite the radical approach, total fasting was effective and generally well tolerated. A strict connection between protein-calorie malnutrition and increased in morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients was found at that time. Then, the seminal works of Blackburn and his collaborators lead to the introduction of the protein-sparing modified fast. Encouraged by the early results using this intervention, diets evolved to the current very-low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD). In the present review, results of studies on the VLCKDs are presented and discussed, with a particular reference to the protocolled VLCKD. Also, a recent proposal on the nomenclature on the ketogenic diets is reported. Available evidence suggests VLCKDs to be effective in achieving a rapid and significant weight loss by means of an easily reversible intervention which could be repeated, if needed. Muscle mass and strength are preserved, resting metabolic rate is not impaired, hunger, appetite and mood are not worsened. Symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings can be there, but they have generally been reported as of mild intensity and transient. Preliminary studies suggest VLCKDs to be a potential game-changer in the management of type 2 diabetes too. Therefore, VLCKDs should be considered as an excellent initial step in properly selected and motivated patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes, to be delivered as a part of a multicomponent strategy and under strict medical supervision.

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Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

Título del artículo:

Position statement of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology (IASC) on the current guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension 2017–2020

Objectives: As an Inter-American Society we are convinced of the need to standardize the steps in which we diagnose, evaluate, treat and control hypertension, establishing guidelines and rules that should be adopted in all countries of Latin America, aimed at standardizing management and control of CV risk in order to achieve a substantial decrease in CV events. Methods: In the last four years important international guidelines for the diagnosis, management, treatment and control of arterial hypertension have been published. In America, mostly in mid- and low-income countries, hypertension is a major problem of public health, being the most important cardiovascular risk factor due to its great population impact. Therefore, it is crucial to dedicate all the possible efforts to increase substantially the number of hypertensive patients diagnosed in a given area, and to improve the percentage of controlled patients. This is a major necessity in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality for CVD in the Latin American region, although no guidelines takes the Latin American populations into account, and much less standardizes their diagnosis and management. Conclusions: The Inter-American Society of Cardiology suggest the use of the blood pressure classification of the Latin American Society of Hypertension (LASH) and recommends the use of the SCORE System to stratify the global CV risk because this system has the capability to adapt the global risk by means of a correcting factor based on the ethnicity of the different native populations in America.

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International Journal of Cardiology: Hypertension

Título del artículo:

Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling between hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations during recall destabilizes memory and renders it susceptible to reconsolidation disruption

Avoidance memory reactivation at recall triggers theta-gamma hippocampal phase amplitude coupling (hPAC) only when it elicits hippocampus-dependent reconsolidation. However, it is not known whether there is a causal relationship between these phenomena. We found that in adult male Wistar rats, silencing the medial septum during recall did not affect avoidance memory expression or maintenance but abolished hPAC and the amnesia caused by the intrahippocampal administration of reconsolidation blockers, both of which were restored by concomitant theta burst stimulation of the fimbria-fornix pathway. Remarkably, artificial hPAC generated by fimbria-fornix stimulation during recall of a learned avoidance response naturally resistant to hippocampus-dependent reconsolidation made it susceptible to reactivation-dependent amnesia. Our results indicate that hPAC mediates the destabilization required for avoidance memory reconsolidation and suggest that the generation of artificial hPAC at recall overcomes the boundary conditions of this process.

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Journal of Neuroscience

Título del artículo:

Post-consumption foamed polystyrene coatings for surface tension modification

Foamed polystyrene, commercially known as Icopor, occupies a very important place in the transport systems, and conservation of freight and food, but it is also one of the main polymeric pollutants, due to its low biodegradability, and low reuse. Polystyrene has in its structure aromatic and aliphatic functional groups, which have a high hydrophobicity, which makes them candidates as modifiers of permeability and surface properties, although for this purpose the implementation of solvents is also required. In the following work, polystyrene residues for domestic and food use were used to obtain coatings, which allow surface tension to be modified, on surfaces with high water permeability. For this purpose, the polymeric residue was dissolved in organic type solvents, generating a varnish, which was used to coat the study surface, from which the surface tension with respect to water was previously known by analysing the contact angle; to be compared with those obtained after coating, resulting in an increase in the contact angle, which indicates an increase in surface tension, conferred on the new surface hydrophobicity.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Geological and physical-chemistry characterization of asphaltite from Colombian Middle Magdalena region

The massive consumption of fossil hydrocarbons and the absence of new conventional oil reserves, research on unconventional resources is prevalent. The Asphaltite is a substance with high energy value thanks to its composition of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, becomes an energy alternative in the future. In Middle Magdalena region of Colombia, Luna formation emerges with its members Salada, Pujamana, and Galembo of Upper Cretaceous age, which contains a deposit of this type of substances, which can become an economic and energy engine for the region. A representative sample of this asphaltite was taken in the Galembo Member (Top of Luna formation) and a geological description was made about its formation and occurrence in the area. The solubility of asphaltite was evaluated in two characteristic solvents for hydrocarbons, toluene and heptane, the first of aromatic character, with which it was possible to solubilize probably corresponding to the light fractions, while solubilization with heptane generated a precipitate Asphaltene, a nature that was corroborated by tests of visible infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, additionally an elementary analysis was performed to determine the concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen. Finally, by means of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry an analysis was carried out to evaluate its energy potential, according to the results obtained, asphaltite samples are a promising energy resource.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Estimation of the potential for bioethanol production from the residues of cacao husks in Ecuador

In this study, the theoretically obtainable bioethanol production potential is estimated from the use of cacao residues in Ecuador, through the formulation of a mathematical model of the acid hydrolysis in cellulose of cacao husks and its conversion to ethanol by fermentation. Methodologically, the study was based on official documentation on the national and provincial amount of residual biomass of this crop, and on a kinetic model adapted to the case under study. An amount of 8.28 Mml of bioethanol was obtained, whose mixture with extra gasoline, at a ratio of 5:95 v/v, results in the Ecopaís E5C gasoline. Production of 166 Mml of E5C was estimated, corresponding to 10 % of the national production for the year 2017 and 56 % of the production for the year 2014, year in which the residual biomass of cacao was estimated. The coastal region contributes with 71 % of the national bioethanol and E5C production, led by the province of Guayas, in which E5 gasoline represents 25 % of its consumption in 2017. It is concluded that this production route of bioethanol is an attractive diversification option of the current production route based on the cultivation of sugarcane, adding value to residual biomass that is currently discarded. The theoretical results constitute the basis for more detailed studies in those provinces that combine a high potential for cacao residues and increasing consumption of E5 but must be complemented with experimental research to corroborate their validity and provide elements that determine the viability of the bioethanol production route studied.

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Ciencia Tecnologia Agropecuaria

Título del artículo:

Physical activity in adults: recommendations, determinants and measurement

Introduction: Several studies have shown the potential benefits of the practice of Physical Activity (PA) over the years; however, some modulators known as determinants that modify its practice have also been identified. Objective: To gather and summarize available information on the importance of physical activity, its definition, determinants and evaluation methods in adults, as well as to establish the development of recommendations over time. Material and Methods: A search was made in different databases using search terms of physical activity, recommendations, and determinants in both English and Spanish during the period between 1996 and 2019. Articles related to adults were included and those about children and adolescents were excluded. Development: The recommendations have evolved from 1978 when the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) established very general specifications such as PA practices from 3 to 5 days per week at an intensity between 60% and 90% Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) until the most recent recommendations made by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2018. Objective and subjective criteria are among the evaluation methods. Conclusions: Regular PA practice is an efficient strategy to reduce the risk factors associated with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Likewise, subjective and objective criteria are identified for its evaluation. The recommendations have evolved from 1978 to 2018 establishing that adults should be involved in PA from 150 to 300 minutes per week.

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Medicas

Título del artículo:

Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in northeastern areas of Colombia: Seroprevalence and risk factors

Sheep and goats are susceptible to infections with Toxoplasma gondii and could play an important role in the transmission of the zoonotic parasite to human. We conducted a cross sectional study to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess the risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity in small ruminants under traditional husbandry systems. This study was carried out from November 2015 to April 2016 in randomly selected small ruminants (n = 1038) from 48 farms located in Colombia, in the departments of northern Cesar in the north and La Guajira in the south. An indirect ELISA was used to detect IgG antibodies to T. gondii in the animals. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information on putative risk factors. We conducted the association analyses by using univariable and multivariate logistic regression and report odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (C.I). The overall seroprevalence in small ruminants was 23.5% (C.I: 21–26.2%). Sheep showed a higher seroprevalence (25.1% C.I: 22.4–28.6%) than goats (18.4% C.I: 22.4–28.6%). The association analysis recognized as risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity farming pigs in addition to small ruminants (OR = 1.96 C.I: 1.414–2.743), the inexistence of manure heap (OR = 2.254 C.I: 1.480–3.433) and drinking water from locally aqueducts (OR = 1.489 C.I: 1.006–2.204). The results of the study confirmed that exposure to T. gondii is common in sheep and goats in dry Caribbean regions of Colombia.

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Parasite Epidemiology and Control

Título del artículo:

Emerging approaches since design for theorization and creation of transmedia experiences: Approximation to meta-analysis of scientific publications

The main objective of this document is to identify the existence of predominant and emerging approaches in the design of transmedia experiences, in order to contribute from different perspectives to the transmedia concept from the modes of involvement of audiences. The bibliometric analysis is done of a total of 559 articles consolidated from the literature search carried out in WoS on the ISI Web of Knowledge platform (Thomson Reuters) and SCImago Research Group (Scopus). For the observation window 2008-2019, the indicators are analyzed: diachronic productivity, author productivity, citations and content. In the results, an exponential growth of the publications is observed until its peak in 2016, as well as its subsequent stability; similarly, the creation of author networks for collaborative production and the achievement of common goals is evident; and a tendency to cite the conventional literature existing outside the sample documents is also identified. The conclusions establish the interest of the academic community for the design of transmedia experiences and the participation of audiences as content that is transversal to the sample and not as a central theme of study.

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Arte, Individuo y Sociedad