Título del artículo:

Methodological proposal for the construction and selection of digital high-precision elevation models

Digital Elevation Models improve accuracy in terrain analysis. This work compared different interpolation methods using statistical criteria in a topographic survey of 339 points raised with a total station in the “San Juan de Lagunillas” area (Venezuela). The existence of a significant trend process with spatial autocorrelation modeled by an isotropic Gaussian semivariogram was documented. The kriging allowed to obtain residuals less than a minimum tolerable error equal to 0.1 m. The residual kriging was the best evaluated in cross validation with exclusion (absolute mean error of 0.71 m). The disjunctive kriging showed a lower error average but a wider error range and the highest mean absolute error (12.8 m). The other kriging showed mean error variance greater than 1.3 m and absolute minimum errors greater than 0.85 m. Due to the high dependence on the model specification form, graphics are recommended for a better fit.

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Colombia Forestal

Título del artículo:

COVID-19 is a new disease caused by the beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

The first registers of atypical pneumonia were reported in China by the end of December 2019. The disease was rapidly disseminated in the entire world. The spectrum of the clinical manifestations is large going from individuals without any symptoms to those who develop multisystem disease and death. It has been demonstrated that hypertension and diabetes are more frequent in people with COVID-19 and the presence of diabetes is associated with an increased risk of more severe disease and higher mortality. In the present article, we review the possible mechanism why the diabetes patients have an increased risk of mortality by COVID-19 and recommend preventive actions that must be implemented in the general population and particularly in individuals with diabetes.

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Gaceta Medica de Caracas

Título del artículo:

Frequency-Dependent Effects of Exhalatory-Gated Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Hypertension

The objective of this study was to determine potential effects of respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation (RAVANS) on cardiovagal activity in hypertensive patients. Twenty hypertensive subjects (54.55\\pm 6.23 years; 12 females) underwent five randomized sessions of RAVANS at frequencies of 0, 2, 10, 25, and 100 Hz. Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulse rate signals were collected during 10-minute baseline, 30-minute stimulation, and 10-minute recovery periods using a Grass LP511 AC amplifier and piezo device. LabChart was used to acquire ECG and pulse signals and to process heart rate variability (HRV) indices. A significant increase in high frequency (HF) power (%) was observed during the RAVANS-100 Hz session from baseline to recovery l{n}=0.039) when compared to sham, adjusting for sex and baseline values. HRV evaluation for other frequencies did not yield significant results. These results suggest that RAVANS has a frequency-dependent effect on the modulation of cardiovagal activity (HF-HRV) in hypertension.

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2020 11th Conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations: Computation and Modelling in Physiology: New Challenges and Opportunities, ESGCO 2020

Título del artículo:

Complex ecological interactions across a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Eastern Colombia: novel description of Leishmania species, hosts and phlebotomine fauna

This study aimed to analyse the patterns of diversity, blood sources and Leishmania species of phlebotomines in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Arboledas, Eastern Colombia. In total, 1729 phlebotomines were captured in two localities (62.3% Siravita and 37.7% Cinera) and five environments of Norte de Santander. We identified 18 species of phlebotomines: Pintomyia ovallesi (29.8%), Psychodopygus davisi (20.3%), Pi. spinicrassa (18.5%) and Lutzomyia gomezi (15.8%) showed the highest abundance. Species diversities were compared between Cinera (15.00) and Siravita (20.00) and among five microenvironments: forest remnants (19.49), coffee plantations (12.5), grassland (12.99), cane plantations (11.66) and citrus plantations (12.22). Leishmania DNA was detected in 5.8% (80/1380) of females, corresponding mainly to Pi. ovallesi (22/80; 27.2%), Lu. gomezi (17/80; 21.3%) and Pi. spinicrassa (11/80; 13.8%). Leishmania species were 63.1% L. braziliensis, 18.5% L. panamensis, 13.2% L. infantum and 6.1% L. amazonensis. The most frequent feeding sources were Homo sapiens (50%), Bos taurus (13.8%) and Canis lupus familiaris (10.3%). This focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis has a high diversity of Leishmania-carrying phlebotomines that feed on domestic animals. The transmission of leishmaniasis to human hosts was mainly associated with Lu. gomezi, Pi. ovallesi and L. braziliensis.

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Royal Society Open Science

Título del artículo:

Association of nut intake with risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 16 countries from 5 continents: Analysis from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study

Background: The association of nuts with cardiovascular disease and deaths has been investigated mostly in Europe, the USA, and East Asia, with few data available from other regions of the world or from low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To assess the association of nuts with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study is a large multinational prospective cohort study of adults aged 35-70 y from 16 low-, middle-, and high-income countries on 5 continents. Nut intake (tree nuts and ground nuts) was measured at the baseline visit, using country-specific validated FFQs. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or major cardiovascular event [nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or heart failure]. Results: We followed 124,329 participants (age = 50.7 y, SD = 10.2; 41.5% male) for a median of 9.5 y. We recorded 10,928 composite events [deaths (n = 8,662) or major cardiovascular events (n = 5,979)]. Higher nut intake (>120 g per wk compared with <30 g per mo) was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome of mortality or major cardiovascular event [multivariate HR (mvHR): 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96; P-trend = 0.0048]. Significant reductions in total (mvHR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.87; P-trend <0.0001), cardiovascular (mvHR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.92; P-trend = 0.048), and noncardiovascular mortality (mvHR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96; P-trend = 0.0046) with a trend to reduced cancer mortality (mvHR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.65, 1.00; P-trend = 0.081) were observed. No significant associations of nuts were seen with major CVD (mvHR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.02; P-trend = 0.14), stroke (mvHR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.14; P-trend = 0.76), or MI (mvHR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.04; P-trend = 0.29). Conclusions: Higher nut intake was associated with lower mortality risk from both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

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American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Título del artículo:

The Effects of Maintenance Cardiac Rehabilitation: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Purpose: Maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (M-CR) programs aim to preserve the health benefits achieved during phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The aim of this study was to establish the effects of M-CR on functional capacity, quality of life, risk factors, costs, mortality, and morbidity, among other outcomes. Methods: Scopus, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Embase & Embase classic OVID, and Lilacs were searched. Randomized controlled trials, published between 2000 and 2016, on the effects of M-CR in patients with cardiovascular disease, who had graduated from CR, having a control or comparison arm were included. Citations were processed by two authors, independently. Methodological quality was assessed using PEDro, and level of evidence graded with the Scottish scale. Outcomes were qualitatively synthesized. Results: The searches retrieved 1901 studies with 26 articles meeting inclusion criteria (3752 participants). Some trials tested M-CR in nonclinical settings, and others used resistance or high-intensity interval training. The methodological quality of 11 articles was good, with a level of evidence (1+) and a grade B recommendation. Results showed M-CR resulted in increased or maintained functional capacity, quality of life, and physical activity levels, when compared with the control. No adverse events were reported. Few studies assessed rehospitalizations and mortality. Conclusion: Quality of included trials was low because it is not possible to double-blind in M-CR trials and also due to the heterogeneity of M-CR interventions. Understanding, availability, and use of M-CR programs should be increased.

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Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention

Título del artículo:

Effect of dulaglutide on cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial

Background: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the association between the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist dulaglutide and cognitive impairment as an exploratory analysis within the Researching Cardiovascular Events With a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes (REWIND) trial. Methods: REWIND is a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial at 371 sites in 24 countries. We included men and women (aged ≥50 years) with either established or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and additional cardiovascular risk factors, glycated haemoglobin of up to 9·5% (80 mmol/mol) on a maximum of two oral glucose-lowering drugs with or without basal insulin, and a body-mass index of at least 23 kg/m2. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) subcutaneous injections once a week of either dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or an equal volume of matching placebo. Randomisation was done using a computer-generated code with stratification by site. Participants and all study personnel were masked to treatment allocation until the database was locked. Participants were followed up at least every 6 months for the composite primary outcome of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from cardiovascular or unknown causes. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and during follow-up using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We present here the exploratory primary cognitive outcome, which was the first occurrence of a follow-up score on MoCA or DSST that was 1·5 SDs or more below the baseline mean score in the participant\'s country. All analyses were done using an intention-to-treat approach. The REWIND trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01394952. Findings: Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants were randomly assigned to either dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). During median follow-up of 5·4 (IQR 5·1–5·9) years, 8828 participants provided a baseline and one or more follow-up MoCA or DSST scores, of whom 4456 were assigned dulaglutide and 4372 were assigned placebo. The cognitive outcome occurred in 4·05 per 100 patient-years in participants assigned dulaglutide and 4·35 per 100 patient-years in people assigned placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0·93, 95% CI 0·85–1·02; p=0·11). After post-hoc adjustment for individual standardised baseline scores, the hazard of substantive cognitive impairment was reduced by 14% in those assigned dulaglutide (HR 0·86, 95% CI 0·79–0·95; p=0·0018). Interpretation: Long-term treatment with dulaglutide might reduce cognitive impairment in people with type 2 diabetes. Further studies of this drug focused on brain health and cognitive function are clearly indicated. Funding: Eli Lilly and Company.

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The Lancet Neurology

Título del artículo:

Stimulus frequency modulates brainstem response to respiratory-gated transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation

Background: The therapeutic potential of transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) is currently being explored for numerous clinical applications. However, optimized response for different clinical indications may depend on specific neuromodulation parameters, and systematic assessments of their influence are still needed to optimize this promising approach. Hypothesis: We proposed that stimulation frequency would have a significant effect on nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) functional MRI (fMRI) response to respiratory-gated taVNS (RAVANS). Methods: Brainstem fMRI response to auricular RAVANS (cymba conchae) was assessed for four different stimulation frequencies (2, 10, 25, 100 Hz). Sham (no current) stimulation was used to control for respiration effects on fMRI signal. Results: Our findings demonstrated that RAVANS delivered at 100 Hz evoked the strongest brainstem response, localized to a cluster in the left (ipsilateral) medulla and consistent with purported NTS. A co-localized, although weaker, response was found for 2 Hz RAVANS. Furthermore, RAVANS delivered at 100 Hz also evoked stronger fMRI responses for important monoamine neurotransmitter source nuclei (LC, noradrenergic; MR, DR, serotonergic) and pain/homeostatic regulation nuclei (i.e. PAG). Conclusion: Our fMRI results support previous localization of taVNS afference to pontomedullary aspect of NTS in the human brainstem, and demonstrate the significant influence of the stimulation frequency on brainstem fMRI response.

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Brain Stimulation

Título del artículo:

Endometrial and decidual stromal precursors show a different decidualization capacity

Endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) and decidual stromal cells (DSCs) originate from fibroblastic precursors located around the vessels of the human nonpregnant endometrium and the pregnant endometrium (decidua), respectively. Under the effect of ovarian or pregnancy hormones, these precursors differentiate (decidualize), changing their morphology and secreting factors that appear to be essential for the normal development of pregnancy. However, the different physiological context - that is, non-pregnancy vs pregnancy - of those precursors (preEnSCs, preDSCs) might affect their phenotype and functions. In the present study, we established preEnSC and preDSC lines and compared the antigen phenotype and responses to decidualization factors in these two types of stromal cell line. Analyses with flow cytometry showed that preEnSCs and preDSCs exhibited a similar antigen phenotype compatible with that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. The response to decidualization in cultures with progesterone and cAMP was evaluated by analyzing changes in cell morphology by microscopy, prolactin and IL-15 secretion by enzyme immunoassay and the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry. In all four analyses, preDSCs showed a significantly higher response than preEnSCs. The expression of progesterone receptor (PR), protein kinase A (PKA) and FOXO1 was studied with Western blotting. Both types of cells showed similar levels of PR and PKA, but the increase in PKA RI subunit expression in response to decidualization was again significantly greater in preDSCs. We conclude that preEnSCs and preDSCs are equivalent cells but differ in their ability to decidualize. Functional differences between them probably derive from factors in their different milieus.

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Reproduction

Título del artículo:

Long-term exposure to outdoor and household air pollution and blood pressure in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study

Exposure to air pollution has been linked to elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, but most research has focused on short-term (hours, days, or months) exposures at relatively low concentrations. We examined the associations between long-term (3-year average) concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 and household air pollution (HAP) from cooking with solid fuels with BP and hypertension in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Outdoor PM2.5 exposures were estimated at year of enrollment for 137,809 adults aged 35–70 years from 640 urban and rural communities in 21 countries using satellite and ground-based methods. Primary use of solid fuel for cooking was used as an indicator of HAP exposure, with analyses restricted to rural participants (n = 43,313) in 27 study centers in 10 countries. BP was measured following a standardized procedure and associations with air pollution examined with mixed-effect regression models, after adjustment for a comprehensive set of potential confounding factors. Baseline outdoor PM2.5 exposure ranged from 3 to 97 μg/m3 across study communities and was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.07) for hypertension, per 10 μg/m3 increase in concentration. This association demonstrated non-linearity and was strongest for the fourth (PM2.5 > 62 μg/m3) compared to the first (PM2.5 < 14 μg/m3) quartiles (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.69). Similar non-linear patterns were observed for systolic BP (β = 2.15 mmHg, 95% CI: −0.59, 4.89) and diastolic BP (β = 1.35, 95% CI: −0.20, 2.89), while there was no overall increase in ORs across the full exposure distribution. Individuals who used solid fuels for cooking had lower BP measures compared to clean fuel users (e.g. 34% of solid fuels users compared to 42% of clean fuel users had hypertension), and even in fully adjusted models had slightly decreased odds of hypertension (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and reductions in systolic (−0.51 mmHg; 95% CI: −0.99, −0.03) and diastolic (−0.46 mmHg; 95% CI: −0.75, −0.18) BP. In this large international multi-center study, chronic exposures to outdoor PM2.5 was associated with increased BP and hypertension while there were small inverse associations with HAP.

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Environmental Pollution

Título del artículo:

Physical fitness characteristics of Omani primary school children according to body mass index

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that children with high cardiorespiratory fitness and normal body mass index (BMI) have less risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), however limited research was undertaken in Omani children. Therefore the aims of the present study were to describe body composition and physical fitness of a large cohort of Omani school children of both genders, and to investigate the effects of weight status on physical fitness. METHODS: Three hundred and fourteen Omani school children aged 9 to 10 years old took part in anthropometric assessments, body composition and fitness tests, including handgrip strength, the basketball chest pass, broad jump, 20-m sprint, four 10-m shuttle agility, 30-s sit-up, and multistage fitness test (MSFT). RESULTS: Obese boys and girls performed worse than normal-weight children in sprint, agility and endurance. In addition, fitness measures in the overweight group and underweight groups were not significantly different from other groups, except a better handgrip strength and poorer MSFT in overweight compared to normal weight girls, and poorer agility performance in underweight girls compared to the three other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Most fitness measures are lower in obese Omani children, which suggests that they will be more at risk of developing NCDs later in life.

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Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness

Título del artículo:

Pedophilia, substance-use disorder, and intellectual disability: A case report

Objective: To present a case of pedophilic disorder associated to intellectual disability and substance-use disorder (SUD). Background: Pedophilic disorders often appear in comorbidity with other mental disorders. Case description: A 21-year-old man is hospitalized in an addictive behavior unit, with a history of SUD, an exclusive sexual preference for boys aged 12 or under, associated to interpersonal problems with borderline Intelligence Quotient score, and failure in global functioning. Discussion: The article analyses the criteria related to pedophilic disorder, the difficulties in its diagnosis, the clinical implications of the comorbidity with intellectual disability and SUD. Conclusions: It is important to differentiate between pedophilic disorder, SUD, and intellectual disability. An active search for deviant sexual behavior is recommended in patients with dual diagnosis.

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Addictive Disorders and their Treatment

Título del artículo:

Cross-tolerance between nitric oxide synthase inhibition and atypical antipsychotics modify nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase activity in mouse lateral striatum

Previous research indicates that the subchronic administration of NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NOARG) produces tolerance to haloperidol-induced catalepsy in Swiss mice. The present study aimed to further investigate whether intermittent subchronic systemic administration of l-NOARG induces tolerance to the cataleptic effects of haloperidol as well as olanzapine or clozapine (Clz) in C57Bl mice after subchronic administration for 5 consecutive days. Striatal FosB protein expression was measured in an attempt to gain further insights into striatal mechanisms in antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms side effects. An nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase histochemical reaction was also used to investigate whether tolerance could induce changes in the number of nitric oxide synthase-active neurons. Subchronic administration of all antipsychotics produced catalepsy, but cross-tolerance was observed only between l-NOARG (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and Clz (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). This cross-tolerance effect was accompanied by decreased FosB protein expression in the dorsal striatum and the nucleus accumbens shell region, and reduced icotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase activity in the dorsal and ventral lateral striatum. Overall, these results suggest that interference with the formation of nitric oxide, mainly in the dorsal and ventral lateral-striatal regions, appears to improve the cataleptic effects induced by antipsychotics acting as antagonists of low-affinity dopamine D2 receptor, such as Clz.

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Behavioural Pharmacology

Título del artículo:

Temporal trends in muscular fitness of English 10-year-olds 1998–2014: An allometric approach

Objectives: To identify temporal trends in muscular fitness of English children using allometric scaling for height and weight to adjust for the influence of body size. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study. Methods: We measured; height, weight, standing broad-jump, handgrip, sit-ups and bent-arm hang in 10-year-old boys and girls from Chelmsford, England in: 2014 (n = 306), 2008 (n = 304) and 1998 (n = 310). Physical activity was (PAQ-C) was assessed in 2008 and 2014. Muscular fitness was allometrically scaled for height and weight. We assessed temporal trends using General Linear Models (fixed factors: wave and sex) and reported effect sizes using partial eta squared (ηP2). We compared percentage change per year 1998–2008 with 2008–2014. Results: Ten-year-olds in 2014 were taller and heavier than in 2008 and 1998 but there were no differences in BMI. Compared with 2008, physical activity was lower in boys (ηP2 = 0.012) and girls (ηP2 = 0.27) assessed in 2014. There were significant main effects of wave for handgrip (ηP2 = 0.060), sit-ups (ηP2 = 0.120) and bent-arm hang (ηP2 = 0.204). Pairwise comparisons showed muscular fitness of both sexes was significantly lower in 2014 than in 1998. From 2008 to 2014 percent change per year in handgrip (1.6%) and sit-ups (3.9%) were greater than for the preceding decade (handgrip 0.6%, sit-ups 2.6%). Conclusions: Downward temporal trends in muscular fitness appear independent of secular changes in body size. We found a decrease in self-reported physical activity concurrent with the accelerated declines in fitness from 2008 to 2014. These findings suggest the declines in children are not engaging in physical activities which support development of muscular fitness.

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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

Título del artículo:

Distribution of somatostatin-28 (1-12), calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance P in the squirrel monkey brainstem: an immunocytochemical study

Using an immunocytochemical technique, we have studied the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing somatostatin-28 (1-12) [SOM-28 (1-12)], calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) in the brainstem of Saimiri sciureus. The distribution of the peptidergic cell bodies was very restricted: perikarya containing SOM-28 (1-12) were only observed in the substantia grisea centralis, while no immunoreactive cell bodies containing CGRP or SP were visualized. Fibers containing SOM-28 (1-12), CGRP, or SP were widely distributed in the brainstem: immunoreactive fibers containing SOM-28 (1-12) showed the most widespread distribution and were the most abundant. The distribution of SOM-28 (1-12)-, CGRP- or SP-immunoreactive fibers was very similar. Colocalization of immunoreactive fibers containing SOM-28 (1-12), CGRP or SP was observed in many brainstem nuclei. A neuroanatomical relationship between CGRP- and SP-immunoreactive fibers was observed, although this relationship was less marked for SOM-28 (1-12) and SP and lower still for SOM-28 (1-12) and CGRP. The widespread distribution of the peptidergic fibers suggests that the studied neuropeptides are involved in many physiological actions.

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Anatomical Science International

Título del artículo:

Effect of the addition of Moringa oleifera to fruit drinks on clinical parameters associated with iron deficiency anaemia in schoolchildren

Worldwide, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is one the most significant nutritional maladies, especially in low and middle-income countries. This is mainly due to the associated morbidity, economic implications on the health system and the welfare state. One of the most prevalent causes of IDA in children is insufficient food intake, which has an obvious connection with the social environment. The main strategy in the management of this condition is counteracting such deficiency through the improvement of nutrition and family upbringing. Aiming to explore affordable, novel and straightforward approaches to treat this nutritional condition, we developed a descriptive study associated with the incorporation of Moringa oleifera in homemade fruit beverages delivered to 32 children from low-income families, in order to assess the evolution of IDA, evaluating specific clinical parameters such as red blood cells volume, as well as hemoglobin, ferritin and serum iron levels, within a two months lapse. At the end of this period, we observed a significant statistical rise in the levels of all the assessed parameters, finding about a 1.3-fold increase in hemoglobin and ferritin levels and in red blood cells volume; serum iron was 1.1 times higher. These findings are demonstrative of the wide spectrum of the medicinal features of Moringa and establish a promising and accessible strategy easy to incorporate into the diet of families of children suffering this pathology.

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Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutricion

Título del artículo:

Regulation compliance in drugstores with glucometry service in four cities of santander-colombia

Objective To evaluate the compliance of the service of glucometry in drugstores in the department of Santander-Colombia. Methods Cross-sectional observational study. An assessment instrument based on the normativity and validated by experts was used. Results The poll was applied to 68 drugstores. The results were categorized as follows: human resources, equipment, infrastructure, documentation-registration, and surveillance and control processes. In the first category, shortcomings related to the academic training of the staff in charge of the drugstore were identified, with a compliance percentage of 66,2% and in the training of personnel in the management of the gluco-metry equipment, 35,3%. In general, the knowledge of the regulations by the staff was 36,8%. In the equipment and infrastructure categories, a level of compliance of more than 50% is evident for all items, except in those related to calibration equipment. In the fourth category, specifically in documentation and registration, the levels of regulatory compliance are less than 50% in all items, except in the one related with the information that is offered to the patient during the procedure. The results show a failure in the surveillance and control processes, where only 57,4% of the establishments confirm inspection visits. Conclusions The results of this study reveal widespread ignorance of the regulations in drugstores that provide the glu-cometry service; consequently, not all regulatory requirements are met. Promoting training programs and strengthening the culture of self-evaluation guarantees safe processes for the patient.

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Revista de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

Recovery of environmental Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Cucuta and association with clinical isolates

Objective. Isolate, identify and molecularly characterize pathogenic Cryptococcus isolates for humans from environmental and clinical samples from the city of Cucuta. Materials and methods. A total of 1300 samples were collected from 446 trees of 10 different species in 10 public areas of Cucuta. Concomitantly, clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were obtained (June 2016-June 2017). The samples were cultivated in Guizottia abysinica seed medium and were then biochemically identified and characterized by PCR fingerpinting and RFLP of the URA5 gene. Results. C. neoformans displayed an environmental prevalence of 4.3% (19 positive individuals), and that of C. gattii was 0.2% (1 positive individual); this yielded a total of 20 Cryptococcus-positive trees and 21 isolates (two from the same individual). Santander Park registered 47.6% of the global prevalence (10/21 isolates), followed by La Victoria Park with 23.8% (5/21 isolates), corresponding to C. neoformans. One C. gattii isolate was collected from a Ficus benjamina tree located in Mercedes Abrego Park. Genotypic analysis revealed the presence of C. neoformans var. grubii VNI in 85.7% of environmental isolates as well as 100% of clinical isolates. VNII and VGII molecular types represented 9.5% and 4.8% of the environmental isolates, respectively. Conclusions. The longitudinal sampling of previously reported environmental niches of the fungus reveals its presence and suggests that permanent monitoring is required both in the environment and in patients, especially in endemic areas of the city.

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Revista MVZ Cordoba

Título del artículo:

Antifungal activity of acidic electrolyzed water against strawberry postharvest molds (Fragaria x ananassa Duch cv. Camarosa)

The aim of this word was to assess the in vitro antifungal activity of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and the required contact time to inhibit the development of post-harvest molds common in strawberry fruit. Ninety-four strawberry samples were used. A five-fold assay in a randomized design was carried out using standard inoculum of fungal conidia, which were subjected to an array of contact times and AEW concentrations, using a controlled agitation (120 r.p.m) at 23°C. The conidia treated with AEW were grown on potato dextrose agar and their germination was evaluated. Mycelial growth of the treated samples was measured and compared against conidia control samples treated with distilled water instead of AEW. Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most commonly isolated species at 54.25% and 28.72%, respectively. AEW inhibited conidia germination after 7 minutes of exposure. The AEW concentration required to inhibit conidia germination was 10 ppm and 50 ppm for R. stolonifer and B. cinerea respectively, a variance possibly due to the constitution of their cellular walls. A short exposure of AEW is able to inhibit post-harvest fungi growth, and is thus recommended as an efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable sanitation agent, with the ability of extending the strawberry postharvest consumption period.

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Acta Agronomica

Título del artículo:

Labor elasticity of growth by sector and department in Colombia: the importance of the agricultural employment elasticity

The employment elasticity measures the employment generated per unit of economic growth. The general literature suggests that low elasticities in the agricultural sector, along with high elasticities in the other sectors are appropriate for pro-poor economic growth. This paper estimates the employment elasticities in Colombia at the national and departmental level, in general as well as by sector, and analyzes how they relate to certain socioeconomic variables. Main results show positive nation-wide elasticities, relatively lower in agriculture, suggesting a movement from lower to higher-productive jobs. Highly competitive regions show positive and large elasticities in manufacturing and services, while low competitive regions have large negative elasticities in the agricultural sector.

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Agroalimentaria

Título del artículo:

Design of a non-functional prototype in mobile application of service comercials for the municipality of Guadalajara De Buga

Essentially e-Commerce is the use of ICT to facilitate the commercial exchange between consumers and companies. Due to the lack of these tools in the commercial sector in Buga, Colombia, it is proposed to design a non-functional App prototype, which will improve the commercial relations between the different actors. According to the results of the feasibility study, 96% of respondents are expected to use the application. While 61.5% of merchants rated the project as novel.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Espacios

Título del artículo:

Neurophysics assessment of the muscle bioenergy generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation

The content of the rectified motor evoked potential (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has ambiguously been assessed without the precision that energy calculation deserves. This fact has misled data interpretation and misguided biomedical interventions. To definitively fill the gap that exits in the neurophysics processing of these signals, we computed, in Walls (W), the bioenergy within the rectified MEP recorded from the human first digitorum index (FDI) muscle at rest and under isometric contraction. We also gauged the biowork exerted by this muscle. Here we show that bioenergy and biowork can accurately and successfully be assessed, validated, and determined in W from MEP signals induced by TMS, regardless of knowing the mathematical expression of the function of the signal. Our novel neurophysics approach represents a dramatic paradigm shift in analysis and interpretation of the content of the MEP and will give a truemeaning to the content of rectified signals. Importantly, this innovative approach allowed unveiling that women exerted more bioenergy than men at the magnetic stimulations used in this study. Revisitation of conclusions drawn from studies published elsewhere assessing rectified EMG signals that have used ambiguous units is strongly recommended.

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Research

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Education for occupational health: Theoretical perspectives from intervention

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on occupational health, its implications on employees, the risk factors to which they are exposed and the various diseases or syndromes that deteriorate the health of members of the organization. To fulfill this objective, a bibliographic design of documentary type was approached; whose source of information was secondary data. It is concluded that, occupational health is related to the way employees assume it and not only depends on the actions carried out by the company, it is also built in a healthy working environment and adequate conditions, however, occupational health can be impaired by various factors in the work environment, stressing that stress is the main cause of health deterioration, causing cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and Burnout syndrome.

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Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacologia y Terapeutica

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Indicators of well-being in tropical bovine: A vision from stress and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

Aim of this review was to gather relevant information about the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis during stress periods in cattle, and its impact on production through different measures available in the literature. This includes blood and behavior biomarkers, such as cortisol, which despite its short life is still quite valid. Metodology included the review of several sources and english and spanish database such as Scielo, Pubmed, Google Academic and others (Epsco and Sci Verse). Selection criteria included key words that contained thermal stress in bovines and its impact on production in tropical regions, as well as its relationship with animal welfare.

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Revista Veterinaria

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Public transportation demand model for low density territories

In the course of recent years, there has been a gradual progressive deterioration in some territories, which is caused by economic problems, lack of job opportunities, deficiencies in mobility, among other problems that affect these territories. This deterioration has been causing a reduction in its population and therefore an emigration to large cities where the needs in economic, social and welfare terms can be met in a less complex way. The territories that have been presenting these affectations are denominated territories of low population density. For the specific case analyzed in this study, continental Portugal owns 59% of the municipalities as low density territories (LDT) (this is equivalent to 165 municipalities) [1]. Knowing the importance of public transport to the population of LDT (since it may be the only option to be mobilized) and considering that degradation of the public transportation (PT) increases the problems of isolation of these populations. This study aims to determine which factors (variables) have more influence in the estimation of the demand of public bus transportation for the LDT in mainland Portugal. In addition, a model is proposed to estimate the demand for these low-density territories. The mathematical model of multiple linear regression (MLR) is used based on the most influential socioeconomic and demographic variables for LDT. The model was developed with the statistical tool SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences). The estimated model presented an adjustment of 87%, taking into account the variables of number of illiterate people, population density and purchasing power. In addition, an analysis by regions (NUTS II classification) was carried out to determine which region presents a lower error percentage in the estimations. From this analysis it can be concluded that the northern region with 88% of municipalities (equivalent to 36 LDT) presents an estimate of error lower than 50%.

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WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development