Título del artículo:

Acute effect of moderate-intensity exercise on spirometric variables in broncodilated asthmatic subjects. A pilot study

Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (BIE) occurs in 70 % to 80 % of asthmatics and its occurrence is more frequent at the end of a session of physical exercise, mainly of vigorous intensity. Objective: To evaluate the acute effect of moderate-intensity physical exercise on spirometric variables in asthmatic subjects. Methodology: A before-and-after type quasi-experi-mental design. Ten subjects were included (mean age = 23 ± 4 years), which were divided into two groups: five asthmatic subjects and five healthy subjects. Both groups performed 10 min of warm-up, 20 min of treadmill exercise at an intensity of 60 % of the Heart Rate Reserve, and a final cool-down of 5 minutes. Lung function was assessed before and 15 minutes after exercise. Results: There were statistically significant differences between groups (with asthma = 6 % vs. without asthma =-1 %, p = 0.03) in the pre-post-exercise changes of the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in one second and the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). The multivariate analysis showed that post-exercise FVC in subjects with asthma was significantly lower than in subjects without asthma, after adjusting for the baseline assessment and total body mass. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity exercise on a treadmill did not shows clinically significant differences on the changes pre-post exercise of the studied spirometric variables, since the changes on FEV1 or FVC did not exceed 10 % having as reference the baseline evaluation.

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Iatreia

Título del artículo:

Fixed-dose combination pharmacologic therapy to improve hypertension control worldwide: Clinical perspective and policy implications

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Journal of Clinical Hypertension

Título del artículo:

In vitro susceptibility of Microsporum spp. and mammalian cells to Eugenia caryophyllus essential oil, eugenol and semisynthetic derivatives

Background: Microsporum spp. are keratinophilic dermatophytes that mainly invade the stratum corneum of the skin and hair causing clinical symptoms associated with tinea. Its treatment has several limitations, and the search for new active molecules is necessary. Objective: To evaluate the antifungal and cytotoxic potential of Eugenia caryophyllus essential oil (EO), eugenol, isoeugenol and methylisoeugenol against Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Vero cells. Methods: The EO was extracted by conventional heating-assisted hydrodistillation, the eugenol obtained commercially and the derivatives through Williamson synthesis. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs), minimum fungicidal concentration, inhibition of radial mycelial growth and germination inhibition were used to evaluate the antifungal activity. In addition, a colorimetric test was conducted to evaluate cytotoxic activity. Results: MIC and MFC values for all compounds were 62.5-500 μg/mL for both of the species of Microsporum evaluated. Also, concentrations of 300 μg/mL of the compounds inhibited 100% of M. canis mycelium. The inhibition of germination was observed after 6 hours of treatment (11.86 ± 3.46-85.31 ± 0%). No cytotoxicity was observed in Vero cells (CC50 > 105 μg/mL), whereas terbinafine showed CC50 31.00 ± 0.61 μg/mL. Conclusions: Our study indicates an interesting bioactivity of isoeugenol and methylisoeugenol against M. canis, M. gypseum and mammalian cells.

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Mycoses

Título del artículo:

Factors associated with delirium in critical patients in a health institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia

Objective: To determine the incidence and the factors associated with delirium in intensive care unit patients. Methods: A cohort study conducted on 134 patients in the intensive care unit at a clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia., who were recruited in the first 24 hours following admission and on whom the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), PRE-DELIRIC version in Spanish, and Confusion Assessment method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) were applied; the outcome was evaluated through daily monitoring with CAM-ICU. Results: The incidence of delirium was 20.2%, the predominating type was hypoactive at 66.7%, followed by the hyperactive type at 7.4% and mixed at 25.9%. Fifty-two percent of the patients with delirium died. In the bivariate analysis, the use of sedatives (Relative Risk(RR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.2-4.5), infection (RR = 2. 8, 95% CI=1.3-5.9), metabolic acidosis (RR = 4 3, 95% CI=2.3-8.0), mechanical ventilation (RR = 4 6, 95% CI=2.0-10.6), aged over 60 years (RR = 2 3, 95% CI=1.09-5.3) and APACHE score greater than 14 (RR = 3. 0) (95% CI=1.1-8.2) were identified as risk factors for delirium. The multivariate analysis only found a relationship with infection (RR = 3 8, 95% CI=1.6-9.1) and being aged over 60 years (RR = 3 2, 95% CI 1.2-8.3). Conclusions: delirium is frequent in patients in the intensive care unit, especially the hypoactive type. Half of the patients with delirium died. The main risk factors for delirium are infection and being over 60 years age, therefore, delirium prevention activities should focus on these critical patients.

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Enfermeria Intensiva

Título del artículo:

Obesity and Preeclampsia: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Preeclampsia is a disorder specific of the human being that appears after 20 weeks of pregnancy, characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria. Abnormal placentation and reduced placental perfusion associated to impaired trophoblast invasion and alteration in the compliance of uterine spiral arteries are the early pathological findings that are present before the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia. Later on, the endothelial and vascular dysfunction responsible of the characteristic vasoconstriction of preeclampsia appear. Different nutritional risk factors such as a maternal deficit in the intake of calcium, protein, vitamins and essential fatty acids, have been shown to play a role in the genesis of preeclampsia, but also an excess of weight gain during pregnancy or a pre-pregnancy state of obesity and overweight, which are associated to hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance and maternal systemic inflammation, are proposed as one of the mechanism that conduce to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, proteinuria, thrombotic responses, multi-organ damage, and high maternal mortality and morbidity. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that pregnant women that suffer preeclampsia will have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and related mortality in their later life. In this article we will discuss the results of studies performed in different populations that have shown an interrelationship between obesity and overweight with the presence of preeclampsia. Moreover, we will review some of the common mechanisms that explain this interrelationship, particularly the alterations in the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway as a crucial mechanism that is common to obesity, preeclampsia and cardiovascular diseases.

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Frontiers in Physiology

Título del artículo:

Preliminary analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes and profile of circulating cytokines in patients with gastric Cancer

Background: Gastric Cancer is highly prevalent and deadly worldwide. In Colombia, it is the most lethal form of cancer. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes have been associated with an anti-inflammatory environment and a Th2 profile in detriment of the antitumor Th1 response. This research sought to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter sequences, like - 1082 (G/A), - 592 (C/A), and - 819 (C/T), as well as - 590 (C/T) of the IL-10 and IL-4 genes, respectively; in addition to the IL-4Rα mutation variants, Ile50Val and Q576R, together with circulating levels of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with gastric carcinoma in Cúcuta, Colombia. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 17 patients and 30 healthy individuals were genotyped for the six polymorphisms mentioned through PCR-RFLP of DNA obtained from peripheral blood cells and serum samples were analyzed by sandwich ELISA to quantify cytokines. Statistical difference between groups was determined along with the association between the presence of polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer, as well as the mortality in patients, using Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Results: An association between the - 1082 (G/A) and the risk of gastric cancer was found (OR = 7.58, range 0.77-74.06, P = 0.08). Furthermore, patients had a significant increase in IL-4 serum levels (P < 0.01) compared to healthy individuals, both variables showed a higher estimated risk of mortality in patients, although without statistical association (P > 0.05). Conclusion: We infer that two possible biomarkers (one immunological and one genetic) could be considered in association with gastric cancer in our population, which should be confirmed by subsequent studies involving a greater number of individuals.

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BMC Gastroenterology

Título del artículo:

Estimation metrics in software projects

A software product that implements a hybrid metric was developed. It articulates relevant characteristics of three estimation metrics in Communication and Information Technology (CIT) development projects: (i) history points, (ii) use case points, (iii) function points; as a planning strategy to control problems in software projects that tend to last longer than expected and generate higher costs. The Software product provides tools for making estimates based on expert judgments, planning poker and analogies with other projects that apply to agile projects. A descriptive statistical method was used in the first phase and an analytical method in the second phase. The analysis process is accomplished through the development of a Web application, used in the planning process of software projects in the Systems Engineering program of the Francisco de Paula Santander University. The article describes the characteristics implemented in each metric and its articulation process for the development of estimates. EstimaSoft is obtained as a result, as a support tool in the estimation of projects, in the identification of development trends, through the documentation of lessons learned.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Development of an inventory system for the control of fixed assets based on RFID technology

Radio frequency identification technology allows remote information to be obtained through radio waves between two or more objects. This technology is based on a tag that is attached to the back of the elements, it contains the information of the Fixed Assets and emits radio signals that are sent to a server to enter that information into a database that is housed in an application and from there take a control. This project manages to develop a system of inventory of fixed assets in the laboratory of biochemistry of the University of Santander, Bucaramanga headquarters using RFID technology (radiofrequency identification) through passive tags that work at ultra-high frequencies (UHF) purpose, reduce costs, time and make the inventory process more efficient, it also allows a traceability of Fixed assets, avoiding losses and allowing a better control of them.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Application of project management tools in engineering services companies: Four case studies

A methodological proposal is designed for the planning of the scope, time and cost that strengthens the management of the projects developed by the services companies of Cúcuta and its metropolitan area. In the first phase, a descriptive study was carried out based on a maturity diagnosis which included the relevant tools to measure the culture in the planning of the scope, time and cost of the projects, which was validated by experts in PMI and applied in thirty companies to the officers who are in charge of the management of the projects. The second stage consisted in the selection of fifteen tools and techniques of the scope, time and cost management of the PMBOK Guide applicable in the methodological proposal according to the diagnosis. Finally, methodological guidelines for project management were designed in four social services companies, technology and computer science and civil constructions in which the tools defined in the proposal were incorporated, which will become guidelines for the execution of the projects guaranteeing the fulfilling of the deliverables, in the estimated time and with the assigned budget.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Methodology for the construction of research agendas in academic engineering programs

A collective project was developed to build research agendas for academic programs; as a prospective strategy to prioritize areas of action, use of resources and institutional capacities in a relationship between the university and the productive sectors of the region, from the development of intervention and study strategies, in 11 training scenarios. A collaborative and interdisciplinary methodology in the analysis of documents related to development, science and technology, allowed identifying common productive sectors of interinstitutional interest for the development of engineering programs of Systems and Industrial Engineering, analyzing their performance, good practices in research, technological surveillance of research centers, prioritize emerging thematic areas, build research intervention strategies and generate project profiles. The strategy gives greater relevance to the training of professionals, establishes a path of knowledge construction in areas of interest; that immersed in the curriculum plan; allow articulating research units in framework projects by research lines. The article presents significant aspects of the methodological route in the construction of these agendas, focused on two academic programs of the faculty of engineering.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Use of organic waste biomass for the design of an electric station

The Colombian countryside is moving forward, among some obstacles is the little use of self-propelled assets in farm activities, the current ones, due to their technical characteristics, don\'t adapt to Colombian\'s geography, therefore, it\'s important to develop technologies that aim to eco-efficiency, taking advantage of Colombia\'s great biomass potential. In this way, it\'s proposed as an initial part of a macro-project that is developed by the Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje (SENA) that seeks the incorporation of electric utility vehicles and their charging stations in the sowing and harvesting of cocoa. In this work, a physical-chemical characterization of two types of organic substrates (pigs and chickens manure) is done to obtain the methane energy potential for the design of an electrical station. As a relevant result, the sample obtained from the 1 to 3 proportion of pig manure highlight since it achieves a better production of methane in a retention time of approximately 30 days, achieving a daily load of the batteries in an estimated time of 6 hours, it contributes to the management of slow charge cycles according to its control algorithm and to a complete equalization of the 1.980 cells that make up the 6 modules of batteries.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Compression tests performed in reinforced rigid matrix composite varying the reinforcement material

In this work, we investigate the behavior under compression for a nylon-matrix composite, reinforced with Kevlar, fiberglass, and carbon fiber. The composite is produced by additive manufacturing (AM) using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The specimens are printed with the Markforged Mark Two 3D printer, following the ASTM D3410 standard. The tests are performed by changing the reinforcement material, the filling pattern is fixed to a triangular shape, the angle at 0° and we use 12 layers for all the specimens. Kevlar reinforcement shows a non-linear elastic response for the stress-strain curve, whilst carbon fiber and fiberglass reinforcements show linear elastic behavior. Results indicate that the incidence of a particular failure mode is highly dependent on the type of material used in the reinforcement.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Determinants of innovation capacity in medium-sized firms

This paper aims to analyse the determinants of innovation capacity in medium-sized firms. It analyses the following factors: Culture of participative leadership, work climate and well-being, ideation and organization structures, development of know-how, exploitation of external knowledge, regeneration and individual activity. The approach of this study is descriptive quantitative field and not experimental. The project used a data collection questionnaire with 21 items, to a sample of medium-sized companies in Valledupar, Colombia. The results indicate that the determinants of innovation capacity are present in the companies analysed in the study. Additionally, the ANOVA results show that there are significant differences between the culture factor and participative leadership, with the factor of regeneration. Likewise, there are differences between the exploitation of external knowledge and working climate and well-being, ideation and organizational structures, development of know-how, regeneration and individual activity.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Analysis of the biodiesel production yield from waste frying oil

This research sought to produce biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) from chicken grills by using chemical transesterification to evaluate quality conditions and the yield of the biodiesel obtained. For this, acid esterification and basic transesterification were applied under the following conditions: Reaction temperature 60°C, catalyst concentration of 1% (m/m) KOH, oil:alcohol 1: 6 molar ratio, and two reaction times (55 and 70min) for the transesterification. The physicochemical properties of the raw material were analyzed (i.e., density, humidity, kinematic viscosity, fatty acid profile, acidity index, peroxides, and saponification) where the WFO showed high contents of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%), which are fundamental for biodiesel production. Chemical transesterification under the conditions of 60°C, 1% KOH, and 70min obtained the best yield by presenting a high conversion percentage (96.15%) and an acid number of 1.33mmKOH/g, according to ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 international standards.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Evaluation of antibacterial activity in essential oils and by-products used in the artisan cosmetic industry

The experimental study allowed us to learn about antibacterial activity in essential oils in Eucalyptus, Rosemary, Myrtle, Orange plants and their by-products used in the industry. Phase 1. Extraction of essential oils through steam distillation. Phase 2. Determination of antibacterial activity through diffusion of the agar disc. Phase 3. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration through macrodilution in broth. Phase 4. Product effectiveness tests. The results showed antibacterial activity in eucalyptus and rosemary oils against Escherichia coli at concentrations of 100%, 75% and 50%, whereas for S. aureus only orange and eucalyptus oils were effective at concentrations of 75% and 100%, however, eucalyptus oil was the only one with inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 100% concentration. It is concluded that the antibacterial activity found in the EO of orange, eucalyptus, myrtle and their by-products such as myrtle gel opens the door for the development of subsequent studies in the search for its application in the cosmetic industry as a viable alternative to the treatment of skin and gastric system related conditions, given the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides, synthesis and characterization

One of the keys to the implementation of the hydrogen economy is its safe and efficient storage. One of the most promising methods is metal hydrides. In this work, the influence of the mechanical grinding process on the properties of the TiCr 1.1 V 0.9 alloy, specifically the absorption and desorption capacities, and structure of the hydride was studied. The maximum storage capacity was 3.2% wt. at a temperature of 40°C and pressure of 10bars, observing two types of hydrides TiCr 1.8 H 5.3 with a body centred cubic (BCC) structure and TiH 2 with face centred cubic (FCC) structure, which release hydrogen in two temperature ranges.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Determination of the percentage of ethanol produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from semi-purified glycerin

The percentage of ethanol produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in semi-purified glycerin at three concentrations (2.8%, 5%, 10%) was determined. Two phases were established: An aerobic phase evaluating temperatures of 20°C and 37°C with an inoculation rate of 4% and 1vvm (volume/volume of medium per minute) and an anaerobic phase at a temperature of 10°C, which were monitored for a period of 36 hours. The main kinetic parameters such as specific growth rate, doubling time and the percentage of ethanol produced by the Winnick technique were determined. The results showed that the best temperature to produce biomass of S. cerevisiae is given around 20°C with concentrations of 1.30x10 8 cells/ml with a maximum peak biomass production at 21 hours, which differ significantly from the other treatments evaluated (Sig. = 0.000). The highest production of ethanol was obtained in the treatment of 20% glycerin and 10% of inoculum of the microorganism (p<0.05) at a temperature of 10°C, corresponding to 176.87mg of ethanol/ml of glycerin. Therefore, the viability of this agroindustry by-product is deduced as an alternative source for the biomass and ethanol production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Production of biogas from organic solid residues, by the use of biodigester in bench scale

The urban solid waste that is deposited in the open dumps generates great contamination during its decomposition stage since it undergoes different changes due to the action of the microorganisms that the produce CO 2 , CH 4 and other residual gases that affect the environment and health human. The present work aims to evaluate the efficiency of biogas production from organic solid wastes generated in the University Restaurant of the Technology Center of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro through anaerobic digestion in biodigesters at scale bench. During this study an anaerobic digestion test was carried out in a bench scale biodigester for a period of 48 days, prepared with organic solid waste, anaerobic sludge and waste water; being analyzed and controlled different chemical parameters, besides the values of temperature and ph. The test prepared for this project consisted of 6% of total solids consisting of solid wastes, anaerobic sludge and wastewater, resulting in an efficiency of removal of total volatile solids of 55% and the production of approximately 38% CH 4 , 43% CO 2 and 10% H 2 S.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Simulation of the gasification process of palm kernel shell using Aspen PLUS

This research sought to simulate gasification of palm kernel shell (PKS) in stationary state by using Aspen PLUS ® . The model can predict the syngas composition with 1.6% absolute error. Biomass is defined as a non-conventional component from its proximate and ultimate analyses. The gasification process was divided into four stages: Drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction, simulated in two R-Yield and R-Equil reactors, specified through the physicochemical characterization of the PKS and the chemical reactions in equilibrium intervening in the gasification. Simulation results were validated with experimental results from other investigations with similar operating conditions. Production of H 2 and CO 2 increases by increasing temperature from 700 to 900°C, contrary to what occurs with CO that diminishes at higher temperatures. The steam/biomass (S/B) ratio has a significant effect on the proportion of H 2 in the syngas, given that it diminishes significantly by 20.3% upon increasing the S/B ratio from 1.5 to 2.5, showing the same trend for the CO and CO 2 gases.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Simulation of tar reduction alternatives in the coffee stems gasification process

This work developed a simulation model able to compare three different secondary methods of tar retention that assess the energy consumption, investments and tar concentration of each alternative to clean the syngas produced in the gasification of coffee stems. The alternatives were the installation of a car filter (FC), a heat exchanger (IC) and activated carbon filtering media (FCA). The experiments were carried out in the Power Pallet GEK 20 kW downstream Gasifier and runs of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours of operation. The tar concentration was measured via VOC\'s direct detection equipment and showed values of 23, 18.7, y 222.3ppm for IC, FC and FCA respectively. Estimation errors obtained for the model developed in Aspen Plus ® software for tar concentration were 16.75%, 14.63% and 0.02% for normal operation, FC and IC respectively. An Economic evaluation reported a value of 0.43, 4.06, 0.45 and 4.09$/kw produced for normal operation, FC, IC and FCA respectively. Finally, the analysis of the internal combustion engine thermal efficiency exposed that IC and FC potentially increase the total energy production in 440kwh per year compared to normal operation.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Use of an embedded system with wifi technology for domotic control of conventional environments

The rise of emerging technologies and the emergence of open and free hardware and software trends have allowed the emergence of new embedded system options such as the Nodemcu card based on the esp8266 microcontroller, among many others, which at very low cost allows implement an On/Off control or domotic control for an environment or location that improves its comfort and energy saving conditions as main objectives. Understanding home automation as the system capable of automating a home or building of any kind, which is capable of providing energy management, security, welfare, maintenance and communication services, and which can be integrated by means of wireless networks or Wi-Fi technology, to give a control that provides certain ubiquity, from inside and outside the place through the use of an application or app, provides a huge opportunity to take advantage of current technology adapted to any type of environment or space. This use could be defined as the integration of technology in the intelligent design of a closed area, including conventional training environments or classrooms, which unlike the rest of other locations or modern properties, do not enjoy the same advances with which they enjoy new establishments of offices, banks and hotels that make our daily activities more pleasant. This research will use the quasi-experimental method since with the collaboration of experts through the network and the state of the art consulted, small experiments or tests have been developed using low-cost technology modules, thus checking the functioning of different connections and configurations, which generates the sending and receiving of data, which allows us to give or not advance to the analysis, programming and revision of the behavior of the occupation of an environment, making the focus towards a short-term future of the research quantitative.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Assessing the impact of climate change on agriculture in Norte de Santander, Colombia

Agriculture in the Andean region of Colombia is vulnerable to climate change and warrants the evaluation of its impact on the small agricultural family home to the mountain. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the economic, environmental and social impact of climate change on the agricultural sector of the Bochalema municipality, Norte de Santander Department, using the methodology of the Integrated Relevant Criteria to identify and assess impact in order to provide essential input to support the decisions of local development agencies. This investigation reveals high fragility in the sector and underinvestment in public policies, strategies, plans and programs. Keywords: Agriculture, climate change, assessment, impacts. JEL classification: Q51, Q54.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series

Título del artículo:

Scientific visibility of colombian universities in researchGate

The paper aims to compare the scientific visibility of Colombian universities based on the ResearchGate indicator (RGScore). The article analyzes the 150 Colombian universities that have a ResearchGate profile of the 305 registered in the National Information System of Higher Education (SNIES). The top 10 universities with the best positions of RGScore are: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad del Valle, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Universidad del Norte, Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad de la Sabana y Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana. These are institutions accredited in High Quality by the Colombian government. Additionally, there is a weak positive correlation between the number of Groups of Research, Technological Development and Innovation classified and recognized by Colciencias per regions and average RGScore of the Universities in each Colombian Department.

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Formacion Universitaria

Título del artículo:

Production of xylitol from non-detoxified acid hydrolizates from sorghum straw by debaryomyces hansenii

The industrial production of xylitol is carried out with the chemical hydrogenation of D-xylose and it is a costly process. An alternative procedure is the fermentation of lignocellulosic residues with yeasts such as Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder and Kreger-van Rij. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the extraction of xylitol from sorghum straw, in detoxified and non-detoxified media. White sorghum straw [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], variety RB-Paloma, was hydrolyzed with H2SO4 at 2, 4 and 6 %; solid liquid ratio 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10; all treatments at 120 °C for 80 min. Those hydrolyzed were neutralized and used to evaluate the production of xylitol; culture media contained 30, 40 or 50 g L-1 xylose were inoculated with D. hansenii and incubated at 30 and 35 °C, 150 and 200 RPM for 96 h. In addition, the data were analyzed with ANDEVA and means tests (p ≤ 0.05). The maximum concentration of xylitol in the detoxified media was 28.8 g L-1 (40 g xylose, 35 °C, 200 rpm), and in non-detoxified, the maximum found was 29.23 g L-1 (30 g xylose, 35 °C, 150 rpm). The straw evaluated could be used to obtain xylose with a potential use in media for fermentation, and results also suggest that D. hansenii can metabolize xylose in the presence of acetic acid and furfural.

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Agrociencia

Título del artículo:

The International Polycap Study-3 (TIPS-3): Design, baseline characteristics and challenges in conduct

Background: It is hypothesized that in individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), but at increased CVD risk, a 50% to 60% reduction in CVD risk could be achieved using fixed dose combination (FDC) therapy (usually comprised of multiple blood-pressure agents and a statin [with or without aspirin]) in a single “polypill”. However, the impact of a polypill in preventing clinical CV events has not been evaluated in a large randomized controlled trial. Methods: TIPS-3 is a 2x2x2 factorial randomized controlled trial that will examine the effect of a FDC polypill on major CV outcomes in a primary prevention population. This study aims to determine whether the Polycap (comprised of atenolol, ramipril, hydrochlorothiazide, and a statin) reduces CV events in persons without a history of CVD, but who are at least at intermediate CVD risk. Additional interventions in the factorial design of the study will compare the effect of (1) aspirin versus placebo on CV events (and cancer), (2) vitamin D versus placebo on the risk of fractures, and (3) the combined effect of aspirin and the Polycap on CV events. Results: The study has randomized 5713 participants across 9 countries. Mean age of the study population is 63.9 years, and 53% are female. Mean INTERHEART risk score is 16.8, which is consistent with a study population at intermediate CVD risk. Conclusion: Results of the TIP-3 study will be key to determining the appropriateness of FDC therapy as a strategy in the global prevention of CVD.

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American Heart Journal