Título del artículo:

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Thymus Vulgaris L. on Salmonella spp.

Introduction: Essential oils are a complex mixture of compounds with numerous industrial uses. Among the aromatic plants with medicinal value, Thymus vulgaris L. is a perennial subshrub of the family Lamiaceae, used as a flavoring and preservative with antiseptic and antimicrobial activity. Salmonella spp. is a gram-negative enteropathogen that causes salmonellosis, a foodborne disease with a notorious increase in recent years. Objective: To study the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L on Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 17036 and Salmonella paratyphi A ATCC 9150. Methods: Two essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L were used: one imported, product of the flowers of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus zygis and another experimental oil obtained from the leaves, flowers and stems of Thymus vulgaris. Presumptive identification of the compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For preliminary antimicrobial activity, the agar diffusion method and the broth macrodilution method were used to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Results: In the commercial oil, 19 components were fully identified, the major ones were thymol (45.3 %) and p-cymene (30.3 %); while in the experimental one, 33 components were found and 32 (97 %) were fully identified, being p-cymene (43.8 %) the most predominant. The commercial sample exhibited inhibition of Salmonella paratyphi A at 4.625 mg/mL with respect to eEO which required 5.5 mg/mL to inhibit Salmonella enteritidis. Conclusions: Chemically, differences were observed in the compounds present in the oils studied, which may be related to the part of the plant used to obtain them. Both Salmonella species showed susceptibility at relatively low concentrations with respect to the reported toxic dose, which catalogs the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris as a potential biotherapeutic.

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Revista Cubana de Farmacia

Título del artículo:

Analysis of SEIR-type models used at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic reported in high-impact journals

Introduction The Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) mathematical-epidemiological model has been exhaustively used since de beggining of the COVID-19 pandemic. These models intended to predict hospital burden and evaluate health measures to contain its spread. In this sense, flaws have been evidenced in the predictions of the first published models. It is considered necessary to evaluate the differences in the approach and verification of the models. Objectives Categorize the scientific publications of high-impact journals that proposed SEIR-type models to represent the COVID-19 pandemic in its early days. Methods We carried out a systematic review of the articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science, of the first quartile and with an impact factor greater than two, that met the selection and inclusion criteria following the PRISMA-ScR standards. We included a total of 32 articles, which were evaluated according to demographic characteristics such as the month of receipt and publication, the country of origin of the information, the subject matter of the journal, and the characteristics of the modeling such as the presence of additional compartments, graphical analysis, conceptual model approach, interpretation of the basic reproductive number, and estimation of parameters. Results Articles published in medical and health journals were predominant from February to July 2020. These articles most frequently used data from China and mostly focused on SEIR or full quarantine compartment models. The articles published in journals in mathematics were predominant from August to December 2020. Models used data from different world regions, considering a greater diversity of compartments such as asymptomatic patients or partial or complete quarantine. Conclusions The articles analyzed mostly use SEIR-type models expanded with additional compartments. There are discrepancies in the breadth and methodological quality of the articles published according to the journal’s subject matter. The unification of quality criteria for describing the models in any journal is recommended.

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Medwave

Título del artículo:

Hydrogen fuel and the Belgian transport sector: A critical assessment from an environmental and sustainable development perspective

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the potential role of hydrogen (H2) in the Belgian transport sector in the context of sustainable and environmentally friendly growth. This paper starts by examining the energy-climate roadmap and the emission mitigation programme defined by the Belgian federal government in the context of environmental sustainability. Then, the Belgian situation is critically evaluated in light of the needs for H2 fuel in the transport sector, as well as issues about a roadmap on environmental considerations for a sustainable future, while preserving the country\'s economic stakes. There are several key advances in this direction, especially as H2 is seen as one of the best viable options for sustained development, unlike other possibilities. This paper also highlights some limitations that make it difficult to accelerate the transition to a sustainable H2 energy future. Although there are many interests in favour of an advanced and non-polluting transport system, there are differing views on the approach to be taken in political decision-making at national level. Therefore, this study will help public authorities to better integrate environmental and sustainability issues in the context of a transition to a comprehensive hydrogen economy in the current transport sector.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Título del artículo:

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.

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Nature Food

Título del artículo:

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.

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Nature Medicine

Título del artículo:

Systemic Sclerosis and Lupus Overlap Syndrome

Autoimmune pathologies are conditions caused by an abnormal response of the immune system. Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the microvasculature of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, kidneys, heart, skin and joints, with consequent fibrosis of the affected organs, while systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by an aberrant activity of the immune system considered as a prototype of immune complex-mediated disease, leading to variable clinical symptoms; the overlap of two pathologies of the immune system is unusual, without mentioning the mixed connective tissue disease, and it is of great importance to identify a combined pathology since it has a great impact on the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the patient.

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Gaceta Medica Boliviana

Título del artículo:

CRISPR and gene editing in HIV therapy: A scoping review

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is nowadays one of the major health problems worldwide. Several strategies have been explored for the eradication of latent HIV-1 reservoirs, current antiretroviral therapy stops the progression of HIV disease, however, as new therapies are being developed, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems have recently been used as a genome editing technique. CRISPR is becoming progressively one of the possible cures, although it remains experimental, for HIV in medical research. This systematic review summarizes literature evidence of CRISPR gene editing in HIV/AIDS therapy. This study also identifies the research gaps in the current literature, helping to guide future research.

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Gaceta Medica de Caracas

Título del artículo:

Neuromuscular Performance Changes in Elite Futsal Players Over a Competitive Season

ABSTRACT: Spyrou, K, Alcaraz, PE, Marín-Cascales, E, Herrero-Carrasco, R, Cohen, DD, and Freitas, TT. Neuromuscular performance changes in elite futsal players over a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1111-1116, 2023-A professional futsal season imposes a great amount of physiological and mechanical stress on players. The main aim of this study was to examine the changes in neuromuscular performance qualities across the season. Ten professional male players performed a 10-m sprint, standing long jumps (SLJs), and countermovement jumps (CMJs) during the competitive season (i.e., every ∼5 weeks from September to January). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc pairwise comparisons and effect sizes (ESs) were used to analyze potential differences among these assessments. A significant and large decline was found in concentric peak power ( p = 0.040; ES = 1.24). A nonsignificant and moderate decrease was observed in sprint ability ( p = 0.155; ES = 1.03), CMJ height ( p = 0.175; ES = 1.00), and SLJ distance ( p = 0.164; ES = 1.03). Regarding other CMJ kinetic variables, nonsignificant and moderate changes were found. In summary, considering the neuromuscular performance tests and variables assessed, only concentric peak power in CMJ decreased significantly across the season; however, nonsignificant decrements were observed in sprinting time, SLJ, CMJ height, and other kinetic metrics. CMJ variables during the jump-land cycle should be incorporated alongside more traditional measures (e.g., jump height) to monitor performance during the season.

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Journal of strength and conditioning research

Título del artículo:

Discharge Plan: A Care Tool - Chronic Disease Dyad

Introduction: The WHO reports an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases. Given the complexity of these diseases, patients are constantly hospitalized; therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the competence of both patients and caregivers at home to take care of the disease using the program \"discharge plan.\" Objective: To determine the change in care competency following the implementation of the tool \"discharge plan\" in a second-level care facility for in-home care of the chronically ill person and family caregiver dyad. Materials and Methods: Quantitative, quasi-experimental study, with pre-test and post-test design, using the \"Characterization of the patient-caregiver dyad\" form and the \"CUIDAR\" instrument. The population consisted of 62 dyads. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. Pre- and post-delta was calculated, and paired Student t-test was used for comparison. Results: The \"discharge plan\" program increased the patients\' dimensions of Knowledge by a delta of 3.2, Uniqueness by 3.0, and total care competency by 10.3. Family caregivers\' competencies improved in the dimensions of Knowledge by a delta of 3.34, Uniqueness by 1.5, Enjoyment by 1.7, and Reciprocityrelationship by 1.61, for a total competency score of 9.2. Discussion and conclusions: These findings suggest that the discharge plan program must be strengthened during hospitalization and discharge to improve the homecare competency of chronically ill patients and their family caregivers.

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Revista Cuidarte

Título del artículo:

The cost implications of a polypill for primary prevention in the TIPS-3 trial

Aims The International Polycap Study 3 (TIPS-3) trial demonstrated that a polypill containing cholesterol- and multiple blood-pressure-lowering drugs reduces cardiovascular events by 20% compared with placebo in people without cardiovascular disease. The polypill plus aspirin led to a 31% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular disease events compared with double placebo. We report regional variations in costs and affordability of a polypill based on the TIPS-3 trial. Methods and results Countries were categorized using World Bank economic groups: lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Country-specific costs were obtained for hospitalization events, procedures, and non-study medications (2019 US dollars). Polypill price was based on the cheapest equivalent substitute (CES) for each component. For the polypill vs. placebo, the difference in cost over the 4.6 years of the trial was $291 [95% confidence interval (CI): $243–339] per participant in lower-middle-income countries, $1068 (95% CI: $992–1144) in upper-middle-income countries, and $48 (95% CI: −$271 to $367) in high-income countries. Results were similar for the polypill plus aspirin vs. a double placebo. In both cases, the polypill was affordable in all groups using monthly household capacity to pay or a threshold of 4% of the gross national income per capita. Conclusion The use of a polypill (CES) in TIPS-3 increases costs in lower-middle-income countries and upper-middle-income countries but is affordable in countries at various economic levels and is cost neutral (dominant) in high-income countries.

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European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes

Título del artículo:

Dynamic capabilities as determinants of innovation capacity in Colombia

The Colombian manufacturing industry has low levels of innovation, this may be due to factors such as low capacity to innovate, learn and adapt to the environment, among which there may be a relationship that is little studied. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to approach the joint influence of learning and adaptation capacity on the capacity to innovate in Colombian industrial companies. For this, 1,571 companies registered in the Industrial Technological Development and Innovation Survey 2017-2018 were analyzed, through a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational-causal design, using correlation and logit regression models. The main results allow us to understand that individually the capacity for learning and adaptation positively influence the probability of developing the capacity for innovation. The study manages to conclude that the joint existence of these two dynamic capacities partially enhances the development of the capacity for innovation

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Revista de Ciencias Sociales

Título del artículo:

COVID-19 Pandemics: an opportunity to give Nursing global visibility

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Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem

Título del artículo:

Household Air Pollution and Adult Lung Function Change, Respiratory Disease, and Mortality across Eleven Low- and Middle-Income Countries from the PURE Study

BACKGROUND: Globally, household air pollution (HAP) is a major environmental hazard that affects respiratory health. However, few studies have examined associations between HAP and lung function decline and respiratory disease and mortality. METHODS: We used data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study and examined adults residing in 240 rural communities in 11 low- and middle-income countries where HAP from cooking with solid fuels is common. Spirometry was conducted for 28,574 individuals at baseline and 12,489 individuals during follow-up (mean of 8 y between spirometry measures). In cross-sectional analyses, we compared lung function measurements [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (formula presented ), forced vital capacity (FVC), and formula presented /FVC ratio] in those who used solid fuels for cooking in comparison with clean fuels. Using repeated measurements of lung function, we examined the percent change in lung function measures per year, comparing individuals by baseline fuel type and individuals who used solid fuels at baseline but switched to clean fuels during follow-up. We also examined associations with prospective health events (any respiratory diseases, respiratory disease hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality). RESULTS: In adjusted cross-sectional models, use of solid fuel in comparison with clean fuels was associated with lower formula presented of formula presented (95% CI: formula presented ) and FVC of formula presented (95% CI: formula presented , 3.2), but not formula presented /FVC. In longitudinal analyses, individuals who switched from solid fuels to clean cooking fuels during follow-up (formula presented , 46% of those using solid fuel at baseline), showed no differences in the annual rate of change in formula presented or FVC, but had small improvements in formula presented /FVC change (0.2% per year, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.3). Individuals who switched from solid to clean fuels had a decreased hazard ratio for respiratory events of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.00) in comparison with persistent solid fuel users, which was not attenuated by lung function measures. CONCLUSION: We observed modest associations between HAP exposure and lung function, lung function change, and respiratory disease and mortality. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11179.

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Environmental health perspectives

Título del artículo:

Exploring long COVID condition in Latin America: Its impact on patients’ activities and associated healthcare use

Background: Studies exploring long COVID condition (LCC) in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. Further characterization of LCC patients experiencing activity limitations and their associated healthcare use is needed. This study aimed to describe LCC patients’ characteristics, its impact on activities, and associated healthcare use in Latin America (LATAM). Participants: Individuals who (cared for someone or) had COVID-19 and could read, write, and comprehend Spanish and lived in a LATAM country were invited to complete a virtual survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 and LCC symptoms, activity limitations, and healthcare use. Results: Data from 2,466 people from 16 countries in LATAM were analyzed (females = 65.9%; mean age of 39.5 ± 53.3 years). 1,178 (48%) of the respondents had LCC symptoms (≥3 months). These were more likely to have COVID-19 earlier in the pandemic, were older, had no COVID vaccines, had more comorbidities, needed supplementary oxygen, and reported significantly more COVID-19 symptoms during the infectious period. 33% of the respondents visited a primary care provider, 13% went to the emergency department, 5% were hospitalized, 21% visited a specialist, and 32% consulted ≥1 therapist for LCC symptoms mainly extreme fatigue, sleep difficulties, headaches, muscle or joint pain, and shortness of breath with activity. The most consulted therapists were respiratory therapists (15%) and psychologists (14%), followed by physical therapists (13%), occupational therapists (3%), and speech pathologists (1%). One-third of LCC respondents decreased their regular activities (e.g., work, school) and 8% needed help with activities of daily living (ADLs). LCC respondents who reduced their activities reported more difficulty sleeping, chest pain with activity, depression, and problems with concentration, thinking, and memory, while those who needed help with ADLs were more likely to have difficulty walking, and shortness of breath at rest. Approximately 60% of respondents who experienced activity limitations sought a specialist and 50% consulted therapists. Conclusions and relevance: Results supported previous findings in terms of the LCC demographics, and provided insight into LCC impact on patients’ activities and healthcare services used in LATAM. This information is valuable to inform service planning and resource allocation in alignment with the needs of this population.

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Frontiers in Medicine

Título del artículo:

Pleural tuberculosis, a report of a case in the Regional Hospital of San Gil, Santander, Colombia

BACKGROUND: Pleural tuberculosis is characterized by a severe inflammatory process that leads to the formation of an exudative pleural effusion due to the increased permeability of the pleural capillaries and obstruction of the lymphatics of the parietal pleura. Its clinical presentation is predominantly atypical, so it represents a challenge for an accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment for patients CLINICAL CASE: A 53-year-old male patient with tuberculous pleural effusion and a history of chronic alcohol consumption without medication, who was admitted with signs and symptoms of water congestion, so we focused on symptoms such as decompensated heart failure vs anasarca due to hypoalbuminemia. A pleural effusion highlighted that occupied two thirds parts of the right hemithorax, so diuretic therapy was started without improvement on the third day of treatment, evidenced due to persistent pleural effusion in a high-resolution chest tomography, which required performing a diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis, documenting exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion with positive bacilloscopy in pleural fluid. CONCLUSIONS: Pleural effusion is common in routine medical practice and can be due to many underlying diseases, among these, pleural tuberculosis. Therefore, it is always necessary to approach and study the pleural fluid, individualizing the patient and using the appropriate diagnostic tests.

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Medicina Interna de Mexico

Título del artículo:

Practical demonstration of the importance of wavelength in Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy

In the present work, the design of a series of experiments was carried out with the objective of providing teachers of analytical chemistry courses with tools that allow them to demonstrate in a practical way the importance of the analysis wavelength in the measurements of absorbance in the, discipline of visible ultraviolet spectroscopy. Initially, a series of experiments based on the absorption of radiation by methylene blue and bromothymol blue (with pH regulated at 3.7) at different concentrations are proposed. To do this, the red (665 nm) and violet (405 nm) colored beam was passed over the solution to be studied and the attenuation of the intensity (or power) of the radiation beam was observed qualitatively after leaving the solution cell, considering that the greater the attenuation or decrease in the intensity of the radiation, the greater the absorbance of the sample. Finally, an experiment is proposed in the laboratory based on the realization of calibration curves of methylene blue and bromothymol blue (regulated at pH 3.7) at different wavelengths (665 and 425 nm), to provide quantitative information to the student about the importance of the selection of the wavelength in applications of visible ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy.

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Educacion Quimica

Título del artículo:

Selective Photooxidation of Valencene and Thymol with Nano-TiO2 and O2 as Oxidant

The selective photocatalytic oxidation with O2 as oxidant of valencene and thymol was evaluated using nanostructured TiO2 under UV-Vis radiation at atmospheric conditions. The effect of the morphology and optical properties of TiO2 nanotubes and aminate nanoparticles was studied. Different scavengers were used to detect the presence of positive holes (h+), electrons (e-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and the superoxide radical anion (O2-) during the photooxidation reaction. Superoxide anion radical is the main oxidizing specie formed, which is responsible for the selective formation of nootkatone and thymoquinone using aminated TiO2 nanoparticles under 400 nm radiation.

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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Título del artículo:

Design of rainwater harvesting storage through efficiency and cost elasticity: case study Santander University

Reliability analysis is usually required as input for feasibility assessments of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems. This study introduces the concept of elasticity between the volumetric reliability and a cost function to optimize the storage capacity. The elasticity was estimated for three tanks at a campus of the Universidad de Santander, Colombia; by means of a daily water balance under specific conditions of demand (non-potable uses), infrastructure (area and coverage of surface), and climatic variability. This method showed that, the average expected efficiency ranges from 29% to 58% with tanks of 60 m3. These values are 7–10% lower than those expected just from the water balance, but the size of tanks decreases by up to 53%. Therefore, the present method allows not only a comparison between expected efficiencies from average estimations with the optimization from daily water balance, but also with that estimated in conjunction with costs.

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Urban Water Journal

Título del artículo:

Extracardiac mixoma: an unusual case in the aortic arch

Myxomas are the most common benign primary cardiac tumors in adults, occurring in 95% of cases in the atria, typically in the left atrium. Very rarely its presentation is extracardiac, its incidence is currently unknown due to the few reported cases. We present the case of a 53-year-old man who was admitted with chronic ischemia of the left upper limb, due to a dependent lesion of the aorta, imaging studies were performed that made a presumptive diagnosis of myxoma of the aortic arch, he underwent tumor resection. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological study.

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Revista Colombiana de Cardiologia

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Combined effect of physical exercise and hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The cardioprotective effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been demonstrated in several studies. Similarly, physical exercise has yielded positive results. However, the effects of their combination remain inconclusive. This review describes the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We searched the Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases and included randomized controlled trials published up to December 2021 on the combined effects of physical exercise and hormone therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic health in postmenopausal women. We identified 148 articles, of which only seven met the inclusion criteria (386 participants; 91 [23%] HRT + exercise; 104 [27%] HRT; 103 [27%] exercise; 88 [23%] placebo). The combined treatment further decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to the isolated effect of aerobic training (AT) (mean difference [MD]=-1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-2.65 to -0.72, n=73). Nevertheless, it attenuated the decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD=0.78; 95%CI: 0.22-1.35, n=73), and the increase in peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) promoted by exercise (AT + HRT=2.8±1.4 vs AT + placebo=5.8±3.4, P=0.02). The combination of AT and oral HRT improved SBP. However, AT alone seemed to have a better effect on physical fitness and DBP in postmenopausal women.

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Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas

Título del artículo:

Global Variations in Heart Failure Etiology, Management, and Outcomes

Importance: Most epidemiological studies of heart failure (HF) have been conducted in high-income countries with limited comparable data from middle- or low-income countries. Objective: To examine differences in HF etiology, treatment, and outcomes between groups of countries at different levels of economic development. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multinational HF registry of 23 341 participants in 40 high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income countries, followed up for a median period of 2.0 years. Main Outcomes and Measures: HF cause, HF medication use, hospitalization, and death. Results: Mean (SD) age of participants was 63.1 (14.9) years, and 9119 (39.1%) were female. The most common cause of HF was ischemic heart disease (38.1%) followed by hypertension (20.2%). The proportion of participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction taking the combination of a β-blocker, renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was highest in upper-middle-income (61.9%) and high-income countries (51.1%), and it was lowest in low-income (45.7%) and lower-middle-income countries (39.5%) (P < .001). The age- and sex- standardized mortality rate per 100 person-years was lowest in high-income countries (7.8 [95% CI, 7.5-8.2]), 9.3 (95% CI, 8.8-9.9) in upper-middle-income countries, 15.7 (95% CI, 15.0-16.4) in lower-middle-income countries, and it was highest in low-income countries (19.1 [95% CI, 17.6-20.7]). Hospitalization rates were more frequent than death rates in high-income countries (ratio = 3.8) and in upper-middle-income countries (ratio = 2.4), similar in lower-middle-income countries (ratio = 1.1), and less frequent in low-income countries (ratio = 0.6). The 30-day case-fatality rate after first hospital admission was lowest in high-income countries (6.7%), followed by upper-middle-income countries (9.7%), then lower-middle-income countries (21.1%), and highest in low-income countries (31.6%). The proportional risk of death within 30 days of a first hospital admission was 3- to 5-fold higher in lower-middle-income countries and low-income countries compared with high-income countries after adjusting for patient characteristics and use of long-term HF therapies. Conclusions and Relevance: This study of HF patients from 40 different countries and derived from 4 different economic levels demonstrated differences in HF etiologies, management, and outcomes. These data may be useful in planning approaches to improve HF prevention and treatment globally.

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JAMA

Título del artículo:

Sleep Patterns and the Risk of Acute Stroke: Results From the INTERSTROKE International Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Symptoms of sleep disturbance are common and may represent important modifiable risk factors of stroke. We evaluated the association between a spectrum of sleep disturbance symptoms and the risk of acute stroke in an international setting. METHODS: The INTERSTROKE study is an international case-control study of patients presenting with first acute stroke and controls matched by age (±5 years) and sex. Sleep symptoms in the previous month were assessed through a questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression estimated the association between sleep disturbance symptoms and acute stroke, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. The primary model adjusted for age, occupation, marital status, and modified Rankin scale at baseline, with subsequent models adjusting for potential mediators (behavioral/disease risk factors). RESULTS: Overall, 4,496 matched participants were included, with 1,799 of them having experienced an ischemic stroke and 439 an intracerebral hemorrhage. Short sleep (<5 hours: OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.09-4.76), long sleep (>9 hours: OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.89-3.78), impaired quality (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.32-1.75), difficulty getting to sleep (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.55) or maintaining sleep (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15-1.53), unplanned napping (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.84), prolonged napping (>1 hour: OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.49-2.38), snoring (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.62-2.24), snorting (OR 2.64, 95% CI 2.17-3.20), and breathing cessation (OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.28-3.60) were all significantly associated with an increased odds of acute stroke in the primary model. A derived obstructive sleep apnea score of 2-3 (2.67, 2.25-3.15) and cumulative sleep symptoms (>5: 5.38, 4.03-7.18) were also associated with a significantly increased odds of acute stroke, with the latter showing a graded association. After an extensive adjustment, significance was maintained for most of the symptoms (not difficulty getting to/maintaining sleep and unplanned napping), with similar findings for stroke subtypes. DISCUSSION: We found that sleep disturbance symptoms were common and associated with a graded increased risk of stroke. These symptoms may be a marker of increased individual risk or represent independent risk factors. Future clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy of sleep interventions in stroke prevention.

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Neurology

Título del artículo:

Virtual classroom support for teaching Industrial Mycology

Objective: Design a virtual classroom to support the appropriation of knowledge of industrial mycology in the experiential context of students in the fifth semester 2020B of the Industrial Microbiology program. Method: A structured experiential survey was carried out, the responses were analyzed, and the virtual classroom was designed and implemented in Moodle, using different activities. Results: The virtual Mycology classroom was designed and set on the Moodle platform; in the same way, the mental mapping activities, workshops, and the recording of synchronous encounters were uploaded using BigBlueButton®. Majority of students agree that mind mapping was the activity with which they felt most comfortable. Discussion and Conclusion: The collected evaluations are consistent with other publications, where the virtual classroom created was liked by the students and facilitated the Teaching-Learning processes between teacher-student too. Likewise, in this way, the respondents agree that the mind maps were the activities that most facilitated the appropriation of the theoretical contents and the competencies proposed by Microbiology II. Other activities are also proposed such as invitation of experts.

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Educacion y Humanismo

Título del artículo:

Simulation of X-ray diffraction profiles of test samples for academic applications

The present work aims to give the reader a series of tools and instructions on the creation of simulated X-ray diffraction profiles for polycrystalline samples, using X-ray diffraction profiles previously published by open access databases. Initially, the search for the diffraction profiles of the crystalline phases must be carried out, which will integrate the simulated X-ray diffraction profile. Then, the operating mode is established to carry out the combination of 2 or more X-ray diffraction profiles, to generate a diffraction profile that contains the information 2 or more crystalline phases present, in proportions established by the user. Finally, this diffraction profile is tested using free access software for the analysis of crystalline phases present in X-ray diffraction profiles. The objective of this work is to provide didactic tools to teachers of analytical chemistry courses with emphasis on X-ray diffraction.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Educacion Quimica

Título del artículo:

Didactic strategy for the strengthening of citizen skills in basic education, through musical appreciation as a diagnostic mechanism of anti-values.

The objective of this research article is to propose a didactic strategy to strengthen citizen skills in basic education, making use of musical appreciation as a diagnostic mechanism for anti-values. Based on a qualitative study, from an ethnographic field and at a descriptive level, two fundamental phases are fulfilled: first, the determination of the influence of the lyrics of a group of songs, in the civic competences developed by the students who are the subjects of the study; from the content analysis of the letters; secondly, the strategic design of an accompanying guide on values to improve coexistence. The population consisted of 180 students of basic secondary education, from grades 6 to 11, from an educational institute in Norte de Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia; likewise, 15 songs considered the most listened to by students. The collection techniques were the interview and the intervention through focus groups. It is concluded that, regarding the content of the lyrics, they express profanity, and guide the creation of a need for the listener, to identify with the lyrics and with the person who interprets them; This verbal message is accompanied by an auditory influence of the rhythm, which generates an identity impact on the listener from the consumption of the lyrics. Regarding the proportion of anti-values per song, of 14 anti-values, 12 of the 15 songs have 6 anti-values (42.86%). The most outstanding anti-values are obscene words, promiscuity, sexual and erotic content, and the promotion of crime. A strategy is designed to strengthen social values, a strategy consisting of an accompanying guide on values to improve coexistence.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias