Título del artículo:

Environmental and socio-economic determinants of the occurrence of malaria clusters in Colombia

This study identifies the environmental and socio-economic determinants of clusters of high malaria incidence in Colombia during the period of 2008–2019. The malaria cases were obtained from the National System of Surveillance in Public Health, with 798,897 cases reported in the 986 Colombian municipalities evaluated during the study period. Spatial autocorrelation of incidence was examined with global and local indices. Clusters were identified in the Amazon, Pacific, and Uraba-Bajo Cauca-Alto Sinú regions. The factors associated with a municipality belonging to a high-incidence cluster were identified using a logistic regression model with mixed effects and showed a positive association for the variables (forest coverage and minimum multi-year average rainfall). An inverse relationship was observed for aqueduct coverage and the odds of belonging to a cluster. A 1% increase in forest coverage was associated with a 4.2% increase in the odds of belonging to a malaria cluster. The association with minimum multi-year average rainfall was positive (OR = 1.0011; 95% CI 1.0005−1.0027). A 1% increase in aqueduct coverage was associated with a 4.3% decrease in the odds of belonging to malaria cluster. The identification of malaria cluster determinants in Colombia could help guide surveillance and disease control policies.

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Acta Tropica

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Unraveling arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi interaction in rice for plant growth development and enhancing phosphorus use efficiency through recent development of regulatory genes

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, which may be found in almost all naturalistic habitats, perform activities such as nutrition uptake, stress modulation, growth stimulation, soil structure, and fertility management. AMF easily takes up phosphorus (P) from the soil and transports it to the plants. AMF facilitates host plants to grow vigorously under nutrient-deficient conditions by mediating a series of complex communication events between the plant and AMF leading to enhanced uptake of soil nutrients and activation of transporter genes. The fundamental processes of P uptake and utilization, as well as P transport, regulators, root architecture, metabolic adaptations, quantitative trait loci, hormone signaling, and microRNA, have been studied based on molecular and genetic investigations. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of AMF and its effects on rice and other plants at various stages of development, as well as the benefits, applications of AMF, and its interactions between different plant nutrients. It is identified that the expression of certain phosphate transporter family genes and P concentration in plant biomass was significantly increased as a result of the symbiotic relationship between AMF and plants. So, AMF\'s role as a bio-fertilizer has the potential to enhance the plant’s ability to adapt to changing conditions. AMF-related products for agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping have gained in popularity as a result of AMF\'s vast potential applicability. We go through recent innovations, developments, and molecular breakthroughs in these areas, as well as the benefits and limitations of using AMF in the future for long-term crop productivity.

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Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Reductions in systolic blood pressure achieved by hypertensives with three isometric training sessions per week are maintained with a single session per week

Isometric handgrip or (wall) squat exercise performed three times per week produces reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults with hypertension. We aimed to compare these interventions and the potential to retain benefits with one exercise session per week. We compared blood pressure changes following handgrip and squat isometric training interventions with controls in a randomized controlled multicentre trial in 77 unmedicated hypertensive (SBP ≥ 130 mmHg) adults. Exercise sessions were performed in the workplace and consisted of four repetitions—three sessions per week for the first 12 weeks (phase 1), and one session per week for the subsequent 12 weeks (phase 2). Office blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline, post-phase 1 and post-phase 2. Post-phase 1, mean reductions in SBP were significantly greater in handgrip (–11.2 mmHg, n = 28) and squat (–12.9 mmHg, n = 27) groups than in controls (–.4 mmHg; n = 22) but changes in DBP were not. There were no significant within-group changes during phase 2 but SBP was 3.8 mmHg lower in the wall squat than the handgrip group—a small magnitude but clinically important difference. While both interventions produced significant SBP reductions, the wall squat appears to be more effective in maintaining benefits with a minimal training dose. The low time investment to achieve and retain clinically significant SBP reductions—42 and 12 min, respectively—and minimal cost, particularly of the wall squat, make it a promising intervention for delivery in public health settings.

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Journal of Clinical Hypertension

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Small and médium - sized companies and commercial Strategy: CONEMPRE case Bucaramanga, Colombia

The objective of the work was to develop a strategic plan in the structuring of an intervention baseline for the CONEMPRE business network of Bucaramanga, carried out in alliance with the University of Santander and the Association of Business Counselors Business Network (CONEMPRE). envisioning the medium term . the growth and participation of 13 compames linked to the Network, selected in the pilot phase of the project, which underwent a diagnosis to determine then strengths and weaknesses, also establishing their competitive capacity. Second, a strategic plan was proposed, the execution of which was conducive to improving communications and promotional capacity. The project will test the hypothesis raised, making use of means for data collection, whose analysis provided strategic information to structure the baseline of intervention for the Network.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

Título del artículo:

Information and communication technologies in the social expenditure targeting strategy: a case study

The development of information and communication technologies - ICT, makes it possible to strengthen the quality of information and management of public productivity. In this context, the system for identifying potential beneficiaries - SISBEN. is the main tool for individual targeting used by social programs to distribute this expenditure in Colombia, which under CONPES 3877 of 2016. implements the fourth version - SISBEN IV. using mobile capture devices - DMC. GPS and validation meshes to solve certain inabilities to recognize variations hi poverty by areas in the country and manipulate information. This work shows the results of an instrumental case study. which analyzes the strategic use of ICT tools in the optimization of the quality of socioeconomic information in the Municipality of San José de Cúcuta through the system of identification of potential beneficiaries - SISBEN. It is demonstrated that the use of ICT tools in the new version of SISBEN optimizes the collection process, improves the quality of socioeconomic information and guarantees the equitable distribution of social expenditure in Colombia in the future. The main result of the research is a comparison of the behavior of the variables and factors that affect the quality of the socioeconomic information of the municipality in the versions SISBEN III and SISBEN IV.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Design of the occupational safety and health system for the company Innovaplast Group

This research aims to make the design of the management system of safety and health at work for the company Group Innovaplast. In order to cany out the research, a non-experimental design of descriptive level was made, carrying out the data collection by means of observation applied to the totality of workers, included in 17 operative and 4 administrative ones, by means of meetings carried out with the managers and documentary reviews. It was concluded that the workers of this production unit are exposed to a mechanical risk. It was determined the need to unify criteria when measuring the risk level of biomechanical hazards, which is why a specific objective was created. focused on the creation of a tool to standardize the assessment criteria, which was achieved through the adaptation of the risk assessment matrix (RAM), applied at management level, to the methodology of the guide for the identification of hazards and risk assessment in occupational safety and health (GTC 45). the most widely used work technique at national levelTranslated with www.DeepL.com Translator (free version)the most widely used working technique at national level.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Removal of heavy metals from mining effluents, using fruit peels

The man in his different productive processes has generated modifications to the environment. Metallurgical mining is not exempt from this, since many of the waste produced, especially effluents, does not have any type of treatment before being dumped. The objective of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of removal of Cu, Fe and Pb from the mining-metallurgical effluent on a laboratory scale by applying a bioadsorbent filter with lignocellulosic fibers (banana, coconut and orange peels). 10 filters composed of banana, coconut and orange peels were designed in different proportions (100 gr being 100%), as established by the Simplex Lattice Mix Design, with three metals to be removed (Cu, Fe and Pb). We worked at pH 7.3, contact time of 3 hours and particle size of 0.250 mm, in all treatments. The results show that for Cu the best treatment was (T2), with 100 gr of coconut shells (96.36%); for iron, treatment six (T6) composed of coco-orange (50 gr of each) with an efficiency of (92.05%); and the lead showed a greater removal of 97.34% with treatments three (T3) and six (T6) composed of 100 grams of orange and coco-orange (50 grams of each), respectively. The data were better adjusted to the special cubic regression model, with the P value of 0.000305 being copper and the coefficient of determination R2 0.790156. For iron, the P value 0.000000 and determination coefficient R2 0.930029. The P value of lead was 0.000034 and the coefficient of determination R2 0.719867. Considering that the value of R2 is better the closer it gets to 1, and that (p <0.05) is significant.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Comparison in vitro of the invasive capacity of two formulations based on beauveria bassiana as a biological control of opsiphanes cassina

Opsiphanes cassina is the most common defoliating pest in the country\'s commercial oil palm plantations, being responsible for low yields and the disappearance of large numbers of hectares of cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate in laboratory the invasive capacity of two formulations (powder and liquid presentation) based on Beauveria bassiana on the insect Opsiphanes cassina. Microbiological quality control tests showed germination percentages of B. bassiana spores for the solid formulation of 90% while in the liquid they were 97.7%. 100% purity was achieved for both formulations and the concentration of spores was 4.9x1010 spores/ml in the solid formulation and 8.6x1010 spores/ml in the liquid formulation. Concluding that the liquid formulation causes greater mortality in a smaller time (6 days) on the larvae of the III instar, being feasible its production and commercialization.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Study of the production of biodiesel by enzymatic and chemical processes from used cooking oil

The biodiesel production was analyzed by chemical and enzymatic processes, from used cooking oil (UCO), evaluating the quality and yield of the product obtained in each method. For the chemical process, an acid esterification followed by a basic transesterification was developed, (reaction temperature: 60 °C, oil:methanol 1:6 molar ratio, concentration of KOH catalyst: 1% w/w reaction times: 55 and 70 min); and enzymatic transesterification (temperature: 38 °C, oil:methanol 1:3 molar ratio, enzyme concentration lipase XX 25 split liquid: 5%, reaction times: 3 and 6 hours). Physicochemical properties (i.e. density, kinematic viscosity, moisture content, fatty acid profile, percentage of acidity, peroxides index and saponification) of the raw material were determined. Results showed the presence of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%). The highest yield obtained was from the chemical transesterification under the conditions of 60 °C, 1% KOH and 70 min with a conversion percentage of 96.15% and an acid number of 1.33 mmKOH/g, compared to the enzymatic transesterification which registered a high acid number of 6.91 mmKOH/g and conversion percentage of 48.81% under the conditions of 38 °C, 5% of enzyme lipase and 3 hours.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Assessment of biopsychosocial risk in pregnant women of Cúcuta

The responsibility of nursing professionals in prenatal control is highly compromising, if we take into account that Resolution 0412 of 2000, which establishes that nursing consultation can only be performed by a nurse (or) professional being the only one within the promotion and prevention programs that is catalogued in this way; thus being the professional nurse the axis so that prenatal control is developed with quality and opportunity, fulfilling the parameters established in the care guide of the Ministry of Health. The prenatal control is the main tool that the institutions have to guarantee a supervised gestation, and thus to achieve that the childbirth and the birth occur in conditions of quality, without biological or psychological consequences for the binomial mother-child. The main objective of this research was to analyze the biopsychosocial risk in pregnant women who attended the prenatal control appointment of the La Libertad Maternal and Infant Basic Unit, in which a descriptive quantitative study was used, where a sample of 48 pregnant women with no more than 18 weeks of gestation who attended in January, February and March 2018 was taken, which were applied the scale for the biopsychosocial risk assessment. In the analysis of the results of the scales applied, the following factors were presented with greater prevalence: bad character, high tension headache, crying, insomnia, depression, nervousness and muscular tension.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

Título del artículo:

Perception of teaching in humanized care vs. Formative practice by nursing students

Humanized care must be the result of the disciplinary interrelationship between knowledge and action, in order to provide affective and effective care to the patient. For this reason, it is considered important to evaluate the conditions in which care is offered, the attitudes of nursing staff towards patients and family, as a basis for qualitative analysis of the quality of service offered during the application of medical procedures. The qualitative work was developed with nursing students from the 4th to the 9th semester of the University of Santander, Cúcuta - Colombia, where through observation and interviews the bases of the analysis were established, the objective of the research. It is evident the good perception that the students have during their formation, being integrally educated by the teachers as for the humanized care and in this way applying what they learned in the formative practice, standing out as integral students. Likewise, they assertively describe the concept of humanization, specifying that humanization is the series of cares that nursing provides to the patient in his physical and mental state, worrying not only about the scientific procedures but also about the accompaniment, the listening, the environment and the dialogue with the patient and his family. Finally, they affirmed that they have had experiences in their formative practices that have marked their life as professionals, where they have learned to place themselves in the place of the other and not only to have the vision of a patient, but also to see him as a human being who feels, who suffers and who needs, in addition to receiving treatment, to receive integral care to achieve his recovery.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Science, technology and innovation: A philosophical analysis from the abstract to the factual

This article presents a dissertation on philosophy as the manager of the science, technology and innovation triad, which will make use of information gathering in educational and organizational psychology in order to disseminate the process of the abstract to the factual.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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Toward a Unifying Quest for an Understanding of Tolerance Mechanisms to Herbivore Damage and Its Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics

The evolutionary and ecological study of tolerance to herbivory has been centered in its operational definition. In spite of the critical role of the operational definition of tolerance that has permitted its evolutionary modeling, a causal understanding of its mechanisms that allow a universal approximation to look for difference across populations and species is mandatory. The author proposes a research program for tolerance mechanisms whose focus is not to produce long-term predictions of its evolutionary change but to determine the causes and objects of selection. The reward for this study framework is a more precise understanding of the adaptations driving by herbivory, in contrast to other selective pressures behind the evolution of tolerance lineages. Additionally, it can throw much light on the possibility that specific tolerance mechanisms within plant groups affect plant-herbivore coevolution by imposing selection on herbivores.

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Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Herbivore Interaction

Título del artículo:

Endovascular revascularization and surgical bypass for the management of chronic limb ischemia: Which is better?

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International Journal of Surgery Open

Título del artículo:

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.

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Nature

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Diaphragmatic Dynamics and Thickness Parameters Assessed by Ultrasonography Predict Extubation Success in Critically Ill Patients

INTRODUCTION: A frequent cause of weaning and extubation failure in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients is diaphragm muscle dysfunction. Ultrasound (US) evaluation of the diaphragm yields important data regarding its thickness (diaphragm thickening fraction [TFdi]) and its movement or excursion (diaphragmatic dynamics) that reveal the presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, which included patients older than 18 years with invasive mechanical ventilation with an expected duration of more than 48 h, in a tertiary referral center in Colombia. The excursion of the diaphragm, inspiratory and expiratory thickness, and TFdi were evaluated by US. Prevalence and use of medications were evaluated, and the association with failure in ventilatory weaning and extubation was analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were included. The median age and APACHE IV score were 62.42 years and 78.23, respectively. The prevalence of diaphragmatic dysfunction (assessed by excursion and TFdi) was 40.98%. The sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for TFdi < 20% was 86%, 24%, 75%, and 40%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.6. The ultrasonographic analysis of excursion of the diaphragm, inspiratory and expiratory thickness, and TFdi (>20%) allow in its set and with normal values, predict success or failure for the extubation with an area under the ROC curve of 0.87. CONCLUSION: Diaphragmatic dynamics and thickness parameters together assessed by ultrasonography could predict the success of extubation in critically ill patients in Colombia, based on the finding of diaphragmatic dysfunction.

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Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine

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Neutral electrolyzed water in chillers: A viable option in the microbiological disinfection of giblets chicken

During the processing of poultry, disinfectants are commonly added to cooling water tanks called “chillers” to reduce microorganism populations that can affect food quality. The present study, evaluated the effectiveness of neutral electrolyzed water in a pilot-project-sized chiller for the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in gizzards and necks chicken. The microbiological analysis of the samples was processed and analyzed in three different food microbiological analysis laboratories. The results demonstrated a maximum microbial load reduction of 1.97686 log CFU/g for Escherichia coli and 1.76313 log CFU/g for Staphylococcus aureus in all samples processed with neutral electrolyzed water. Sodium hypochlorite, a disinfectant in common industrial use, did not achieve significant reductions in microbial loads below those of untreated necks and gizzards for either of the microorganisms in question. Based on these results, this study thus proposes the use electrolyzed water as an alternative disinfectant to sodium hypochlorite for use in chillers; being a sustainable solution that differs from conventional disinfectants in its lack of human or environmental side effects.

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Energy Nexus

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Assessment tool for decision-making management in the Fundacion V&C based on the NTC ISO 9001:2015

The case study is developed with the aim of improving the current evaluation tool for decision-making in the Fiuidacion Valor y Compromiso (V&C). with the support of process leaders who provided iiiforniation through the application of a survey，this technique allowed to obtain a diagnosis of the company regarding the use of the current tool. Subsequently, the selection of the most significant management indicators in each process and the design of their respective technical sheet were carried out. Then, the results obtained for the year 2019 were consolidated into a comprehensive evaluation instrument. In the next stage, a pilot test was implemented for the process leaders, which are responsible for monitoring and controlling the management indicators, measuring the performance of each indicator through the qualification obtained concerning a projected goal. In this way, the assessment tool contributes to the continuous improvement of the organization, and connotes itself as an instrument for planning and reviewing activities. Likewise, This tool facilitates decision-making on preventive and corrective actions in processes that have low or high performance, improving the most critical processes such as commercial management and social management, and maintaining the best-perfonning processes such as legal, contracting and purchases, according to the results obtained in the pilot test carried out.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

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How Has Population Health Been Amplified Through Integrated Indigenous Community Networks? Opportunities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Colombian government failed to report statistics systematically separated by ethnicity. Moreover, municipalities with the highest proportion of indigenous populations have some of the highest hospitalization and death rates from COVID-19. Community self-organization in indigenous territories has strengthened community networks based on solidarity and reciprocity, thus managing individual and collective risks in regions neglected by public administrations. The Colombian National Indigenous Organization (ONIC) has systematically published a bulletin to analyze the National Institute of Health Information with data regarding the location of COVID-19 cases among indigenous communities, collected by diverse indigenous organizations. The ONIC has deployed territorial health actions nationwide and mobilized more than 60, 000 indigenous guards to form a sanitary cordon, accompanied by their traditional medicine and spiritual practices. Despite the high morbidity and mortality levels resulting from preexisting inequities, indigenous individuals organized in networks have maintained food sovereignty with reciprocity and solidarity practices. In contrast, government agencies have significant limitations in attending to the emergency, deepening social inequalities among vulnerable populations. The current pandemic provides an opportunity to recognize indigenous peoples’ ancestral knowledge, including how they conceive health in an interconnected natural network. This chapter analyzes indigenous community networks as being necessary for the present and future to enhance population health. Thus, public health planning and social work could benefit by incorporating complex indigenous thinking to develop planetary intercultural health and well-being.

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The Coronavirus Crisis and Challenges to Social Development: Global Perspectives

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Porcine Cysticercosis and Trichinella spiralis in backyard pigs in Bucaramanga province, Colombia.

A large number of the parasitic agents that alter the health of swine could be spread to humans, especially in backyard conditions, and, many times, cause difficulties in public health and food security. This investigation was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with swine cysticercosis and Trichinella spiralis in backyard pigs in the Bucaramanga province of Colombia. A total of 380 serum samples were used for the search for Tr. spiralis and Tenia solium antibodies using the ELISA technique. The seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercosis infection was 40.5%, whilst anti-Tr. spiralis antibodies were not observed in the processed samples. Regarding risk factors, free-ranging pigs and non-dewormed pigs showed almost 3 (OR=2.9; P < 0.05) and 2.7 (OR=2.7; P < 0.05) times more risk of presenting antibodies against T. solium cysticercosis, respectively. The seroprevalence of swine cysticercosis found in this investigation can be caused by low-quality housing and poor hygiene, increasing the spread of this zoonotic parasite infection among swine and humans. No positive samples for Tr. spiralis were observed. The variables access to latrines and deworming of pigs were presented as the risk of infection for cysticercosis by T. solium, this could increase the probability of infection risk of parasites with zoonotic potential between pigs and humans.

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Archives of Veterinary Science

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Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Thymus Vulgaris L. on Salmonella spp.

Introduction: Essential oils are a complex mixture of compounds with numerous industrial uses. Among the aromatic plants with medicinal value, Thymus vulgaris L. is a perennial subshrub of the family Lamiaceae, used as a flavoring and preservative with antiseptic and antimicrobial activity. Salmonella spp. is a gram-negative enteropathogen that causes salmonellosis, a foodborne disease with a notorious increase in recent years. Objective: To study the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L on Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 17036 and Salmonella paratyphi A ATCC 9150. Methods: Two essential oils of Thymus vulgaris L were used: one imported, product of the flowers of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus zygis and another experimental oil obtained from the leaves, flowers and stems of Thymus vulgaris. Presumptive identification of the compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For preliminary antimicrobial activity, the agar diffusion method and the broth macrodilution method were used to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Results: In the commercial oil, 19 components were fully identified, the major ones were thymol (45.3 %) and p-cymene (30.3 %); while in the experimental one, 33 components were found and 32 (97 %) were fully identified, being p-cymene (43.8 %) the most predominant. The commercial sample exhibited inhibition of Salmonella paratyphi A at 4.625 mg/mL with respect to eEO which required 5.5 mg/mL to inhibit Salmonella enteritidis. Conclusions: Chemically, differences were observed in the compounds present in the oils studied, which may be related to the part of the plant used to obtain them. Both Salmonella species showed susceptibility at relatively low concentrations with respect to the reported toxic dose, which catalogs the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris as a potential biotherapeutic.

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Revista Cubana de Farmacia

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Analysis of SEIR-type models used at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic reported in high-impact journals

Introduction The Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) mathematical-epidemiological model has been exhaustively used since de beggining of the COVID-19 pandemic. These models intended to predict hospital burden and evaluate health measures to contain its spread. In this sense, flaws have been evidenced in the predictions of the first published models. It is considered necessary to evaluate the differences in the approach and verification of the models. Objectives Categorize the scientific publications of high-impact journals that proposed SEIR-type models to represent the COVID-19 pandemic in its early days. Methods We carried out a systematic review of the articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science, of the first quartile and with an impact factor greater than two, that met the selection and inclusion criteria following the PRISMA-ScR standards. We included a total of 32 articles, which were evaluated according to demographic characteristics such as the month of receipt and publication, the country of origin of the information, the subject matter of the journal, and the characteristics of the modeling such as the presence of additional compartments, graphical analysis, conceptual model approach, interpretation of the basic reproductive number, and estimation of parameters. Results Articles published in medical and health journals were predominant from February to July 2020. These articles most frequently used data from China and mostly focused on SEIR or full quarantine compartment models. The articles published in journals in mathematics were predominant from August to December 2020. Models used data from different world regions, considering a greater diversity of compartments such as asymptomatic patients or partial or complete quarantine. Conclusions The articles analyzed mostly use SEIR-type models expanded with additional compartments. There are discrepancies in the breadth and methodological quality of the articles published according to the journal’s subject matter. The unification of quality criteria for describing the models in any journal is recommended.

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Medwave

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Hydrogen fuel and the Belgian transport sector: A critical assessment from an environmental and sustainable development perspective

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the potential role of hydrogen (H2) in the Belgian transport sector in the context of sustainable and environmentally friendly growth. This paper starts by examining the energy-climate roadmap and the emission mitigation programme defined by the Belgian federal government in the context of environmental sustainability. Then, the Belgian situation is critically evaluated in light of the needs for H2 fuel in the transport sector, as well as issues about a roadmap on environmental considerations for a sustainable future, while preserving the country\'s economic stakes. There are several key advances in this direction, especially as H2 is seen as one of the best viable options for sustained development, unlike other possibilities. This paper also highlights some limitations that make it difficult to accelerate the transition to a sustainable H2 energy future. Although there are many interests in favour of an advanced and non-polluting transport system, there are differing views on the approach to be taken in political decision-making at national level. Therefore, this study will help public authorities to better integrate environmental and sustainability issues in the context of a transition to a comprehensive hydrogen economy in the current transport sector.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.

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Nature Food

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Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.

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Nature Medicine