Título del artículo:

Effects of an urban cable car intervention on physical activity: the TrUST natural experiment in Bogotá, Colombia

Background: Cable cars are part of the transport system in several cities in Latin America, but no evaluations of their effects on physical activity are available. TransMiCable is the first cable car in Bogotá, Colombia, and the wider intervention includes renovated parks and playgrounds. We assessed the effects of TransMiCable and the wider intervention on physical activity. Methods: The Urban Transformations and Health natural experiment was a prospective quasi-experimental study conducted from Feb 1, 2018, to Dec 18, 2018 (baseline, pre-intervention) and from July 2, 2019, to March 15, 2020 (post-intervention follow-up) in the TransMiCable intervention area (Ciudad Bolívar settlement) and a control area without TransMiCable (San Cristóbal settlement). A multistage strategy was used to sample households in each area, with one adult (aged ≥18 years) per household invited to participate. Eligible participants had lived in the intervention or control areas for at least 2 years and were not planning to move within the next 2 years. Physical activity was assessed among participants in the intervention and control areas before and after the inauguration of TransMiCable in Ciudad Bolívar with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form) and with wearable accelerometers. Complete cases (those with baseline and follow-up data) were included in analyses. Respondents were classed as being physically active if they met 2020 WHO guidelines (≥150 min per week of moderate activity, ≥75 min per week of vigorous activity, or equivalent combinations); and accelerometery data were classified with the Freedson cut-points for adults. Data were also gathered in zonal parks (area ≥10 000 m2) and neighbourhood parks (area <10 000 m2) in the intervention and control areas by direct observation with the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities, to assess levels of physical activity before and after the TransMiCable intervention. Multilevel regression models were used to assess changes in physical activity associated with the TransMiCable intervention. Findings: Physical activity questionnaires were completed by 2052 adult participants (1289 [62·8%] women and 763 [37·2%] men; mean age 43·5 years [SD 17·7]) before the inauguration of TransMiCable. After the inauguration, the follow-up (final) questionnaire sample comprised 825 adults in the intervention group and 854 in the control group, including 357 adults in the intervention group and 334 in the control group with valid accelerometery data. 334 (40·5%) of 825 participants in the intervention group reported levels of physical activity that met the 2020 WHO guidelines during walking for transport before the intervention, and 426 (51·6%) afterwards (change 11·1 percentage points [95% CI 6·4 to 15·9]). A similar change was observed in the control group (change 8·0 percentage points [3·4 to 12·5]; adjusted odds ratio [OR] for the time-by-group interaction, intervention vs control group: 1·1 [95% CI 0·8 to 1·5], p=0·38). Time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, measured with accelerometers, did not change in the intervention group after the inauguration of TransMiCable (change –0·8 min per day [–4·6 to 3·0]) and did not change compared with the control group (adjusted β for the time-by-group interaction: 1·4 min per day [95% CI –2·0 to 4·9], p=0·41). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 52·1 min per day (SD 24·7) before and 59·4 min per day (35·2) after the inauguration of TransMiCable in new regular users who reported using TransMiCable during mandatory trips for work or education (n=32; change 7·3 min per day [–22·5 to 7·9]). After the intervention, an increase in the proportion of male individuals engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity was observed in a renovated zonal park (adjusted OR for the time-by-group interaction, intervention vs control park: 2·7 [1·1 to 6·8], p=0·033). Female users of a renovated neighbourhood park were less likely to become engaged in moderate or vigorous physical activity than female users of the control area neighbourhood park (adjusted OR for the time-by-group interaction: 0·4 [0·1 to 0·6], p=0·019). Interpretation: It is encouraging that walking for transport remained high in the TransMiCable intervention area when the use of private motorised transport had increased elsewhere in Bogotá. In low-income urban areas, where transport-related walking is a necessity, transport interventions should be focused on efforts to maintain participation in active travel while improving conditions under which it occurs. Funding: Wellcome Trust (as part of the Urban Health in Latin America project); Bogotá Urban Planning Department; Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation of Colombia; Universidad de Los Andes; Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá; and Universidad del Norte. Translation: For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

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The Lancet Global Health

Título del artículo:

Diet, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 80 countries

AIMS: To develop a healthy diet score that is associated with health outcomes and is globally applicable using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study and replicate it in five independent studies on a total of 245 000 people from 80 countries. METHODS AND RESULTS: A healthy diet score was developed in 147 642 people from the general population, from 21 countries in the PURE study, and the consistency of the associations of the score with events was examined in five large independent studies from 70 countries. The healthy diet score was developed based on six foods each of which has been associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality [i.e. fruit, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, and dairy (mainly whole-fat); range of scores, 0-6]. The main outcome measures were all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events [cardiovascular disease (CVD)]. During a median follow-up of 9.3 years in PURE, compared with a diet score of ≤1 points, a diet score of ≥5 points was associated with a lower risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-0.77)], CVD (HR 0.82; 0.75-0.91), myocardial infarction (HR 0.86; 0.75-0.99), and stroke (HR 0.81; 0.71-0.93). In three independent studies in vascular patients, similar results were found, with a higher diet score being associated with lower mortality (HR 0.73; 0.66-0.81), CVD (HR 0.79; 0.72-0.87), myocardial infarction (HR 0.85; 0.71-0.99), and a non-statistically significant lower risk of stroke (HR 0.87; 0.73-1.03). Additionally, in two case-control studies, a higher diet score was associated with lower first myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) 0.72; 0.65-0.80] and stroke (OR 0.57; 0.50-0.65). A higher diet score was associated with a significantly lower risk of death or CVD in regions with lower than with higher gross national incomes (P for heterogeneity <0.0001). The PURE score showed slightly stronger associations with death or CVD than several other common diet scores (P < 0.001 for each comparison). CONCLUSION: A diet comprised of higher amounts of fruit, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, and whole-fat dairy is associated with lower CVD and mortality in all world regions, especially in countries with lower income where consumption of these foods is low.

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European heart journal

Título del artículo:

Attitudes, beliefs and knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus in university students in Colombia

Introduction: the human immunodeficiency virus is a disease whose influence has marked the population, cultural, economic, social and school development of the world. At present there are now major campaigns for its prevention; however, the rate of contagion in Colombia takes an upward trend in university students between the ages of 15 and 34. Objective: to analyze the knowledge, attitudes (positive and negative) and erroneous beliefs of university students in the city of Bucaramanga on human immunodeficiency virus infection. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study, with a reference population of 1,243 university students, active enrolled, between the ages of 15 and 34. A sample of 180 students was taken, applying a probabilistic sampling. Data collection was carried out, with prior informed consent, using the HIV/AIDS-65 Scale modified for Colombia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: a total of 180 university students, with an average age of 25.61 years, responded to the survey. 71.1% of the respondents were single and women made up 55.5%. 83.8% had good knowledge about HIV; 11.94% had misconceptions about the disease; 22.96% showed negative attitudes; 30.53% did not consider themselves susceptible to contracting the disease, and 6.6% showed low levels of efficacy in prevention. Conclusions: knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus infection allows the improvement of attitudes, perceptions and beliefs regarding the disease, and positivity to the virus.

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Revista Medica Electronica

Título del artículo:

Spatial distribution of Exogyra boussingaulti of the Tibú-Mercedes Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian-Albian) in the Municipality of San Andrés (Santander: Colombia)

Exogyra boussingaulti was a reclining bivalve of soft sediments found in the Tibú-Mercedes Formation of the Lower Cretaceous in the Municipality of San Andrés (Santander: Colombia). On the ecology of E. boussingaulti very little is known in reproduction, dispersal or predation aspects, for this reason, it was determined the spatial distribution of this species through the calculation of three indices of dispersion from the data obtained from a grid drawn in a block of 2 m2. With this results was possible to infer that E. boussingaulti had a distribution in unconcentrated patches (Clumps) determined probably by its reproductive cycle and limited by competition for food at the intraspecific level. In the same way, this article is presented as a teaching strategy that contributes to the educational process of geological sciences students and with the solution to short questions in paleobiology.

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Innovaciencia

Título del artículo:

Patrimonio paleontológico y colección de fósiles de la Universidad de Santander, Colombia

In Colombia, the fossil record is part of the Paleontological Heritage of the nation, it allows us to explain the origin, diversity and distribution of different forms of life. The Colombian Geological Service is responsible for maintaining and guarding the Geological and Paleontological Heritage of the nation and is the one who performs the Geological and Paleontological National Inventory. The present paper is intended to be a brief description of the regulations and processes governing the collection and maintenance of these specimens, as well as to show the first fossil records of the University of Santander that make part of the geological collection of this institution. The University of Santander makes its contribution to this heritage with the registration of 25 fossil specimens collected in the field trips of the courses of Biology and paleontology of the program of geology in the Formations Rosablanca and Tibú-Mercedes in the municipalities of Zapatoca and San Andrés (Santander) from the Lower Cretaceous period and from the Los Pinos Formation in the municipality of Samacá (Boyacá) from the Upper Cretaceous period.

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Innovaciencia

Título del artículo:

Social Mobilization in the Face of Digital Transformation of the Mobile Network in Urban Spaces in A Period of Health Emergency by covid-19

The research aimed to critically examine the technological risks and social mobilization that resulted from the installation of 4.5G mobile phone antenna technologies in Comuna 6, northeast Colombia, during the covid-19 health emergency. The citizens’ views on the dangers of the technology to their health were taken into consideration. The findings, which were based on a qualitative technique, showed that the citizens linked the antennas with the generation of negative external forces, as inevitable evils, and with only benefit generators from a more technical determinism standpoint. The debate on technological coupling in society took the form of a reflective discourse that laid the foundation for absorbing uncertainty that resulted from misinformation and post-truth views regarding the relationship between covid-19 and the new 5G cell phone network.

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Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografia

Título del artículo:

A Rare Complication of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Jejunal Diverticulosis. A Case Report

Introduction: Small intestine diverticula are a rare condition with an incidence of 0.6% to 2%. Their location at the level of the jejunum is a rare alteration, and their diagnosis is often delayed due to low clinical suspicion. The clinical manifestation of this pathology is related to the development of complications —15% to 30% of patients, with approximately 10% requiring surgical intervention. Clinical case: We present a case of a middle-aged adult patient who experienced a complication due to a bleeding jejunal diverticulum. The patient underwent surgical management, which resulted in a satisfactory outcome. Objective: This article aims to describe jejunal diverticulosis, a rare condition that can have a significant impact on affected individuals. Emphasizing its clinical suspicion as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal bleeding is crucial. Additionally, we discuss diagnostic methods and highlight various therapeutic options, including surgical management.

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Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterologia

Título del artículo:

Antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial uropathogens isolated in a Colombian hospital

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are a public health problem since they affect millions of people, generating high costs and increasing morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Objective: To determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in bacterial uropathogens isolated from patients in a hospital in Valledupar. Material and Methods: Retrospective study for the analysis of 142 positive urine culture results processed with the automated MicroScan system. The resistance phenotypes of each bacterial genus and the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae were evidenced by analyzing the minimum inhibitory concentration of each antibiotic, generated by the broth microdilution method. Results: Of the cultures, 133 isolates were Enterobacteriaceae, 5 non-fermentng Gram-negatve rods and 4 Gram-positve cocci. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most isolated genera (82.4% and 11.3%, respectvely). Of these, 27.8% were producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases. A greater resistance phenotype was evidenced in Escherichia coli for beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antbiotcs (23.6% to 71%), being even higher in beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (18.1% to 100%). Antbiotc resistance for non-fermentng Gram-negatve bacilli and Gram-positve cocci was low, mostly showing a wild phenotype. Conclusions: Enterobacteriaceae were the frst isolates in urine cultures, showing similar results to those documented worldwide. The percentage of these bacteria with extended spectrum beta-lactamases suggests greater surveillance in the selectve pressure of antbiotcs, given the patern of antbiotc multdrug resistance and the consequences for establishing treatment.

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Medicas

Título del artículo:

Effect of calcium and potassium on activity of mordenite-supported nickel catalyst for hydrogen production from biomass gasification

This research shows the effect of a catalyst supported on mordenite (natural and modified) impregnated with nickel, calcium, and potassium on palm kernel shell gasification for hydrogen production. The gasification process was carried out using a lab-scale fixed bed reactor at 900 °C with steam as gasifying agent. The use of the catalysts significantly improved the hydrogen production and the incorporation of metals in the mordenite increased hydrogen selectivity. The maximum H2 content in the non-catalyzed gasification was approximately 34 mol%, while in the treatments with catalysts it ranged between 40 and 73 mol%. The T2-C5 catalyst impregnated with Ni, Ca, and K presented the highest H2 content (72.9 mol%), which is associated with the synergistic interaction of nickel, calcium, and potassium. This catalyst presented the highest strong acidity (1.30 mmol NH3 g−1) and the highest crystallinity (85.8%) compared to the other catalysts, properties that influenced the catalytic performance.

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Título del artículo:

The first report of Dirofilaria repens infection in dogs from Colombia

Dirofilariasis is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Dirofilaria parasites, affecting both wild and domestic animals, including humans considered as accidental hosts. Dirofilaria repens is the principal causative agent of dirofilariasis in the Old World, with increasing reports of the parasite in countries where it has not been previously identified, due to several factors such as the expansion of mosquito vectors’ geographical distribution. By utilizing newly designed primers for molecular detection and confirming through next-generation sequencing, here, we report the first plausible cases of D. repens in dogs from Colombia. Our results support the classification of this species as an emergent pathogen in the Americas. Finally, we encourage an increase in diagnostic and surveillance efforts to prevent and control the current and future dirofilariasis cases in this region.

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Parasitology Research

Título del artículo:

Post-COVID-19 Cardiovascular Manifestations: A scoping review

Post-COVID Syndrome is defined as the presence of symptoms related to COVID-19 approximately 28 days after the clinical or laboratory diagnosis is confirmed, which can last for days, weeks or months, and present a wide variety of symptoms involving several systems. Furthermore, cardiovascular system clinical manifestations in patients surviving SARSCoV-2 infection can be fatigue, chest pain, palpitations, orthopnea, edema of the lower extremities, and exercise intolerance. Objective: Explore the medical evidence about cardiovascular manifestations in Post-COVID patients. Methods: Scoping review of the literature that included PubMed and Scopus. Records of publications with empirical data (observational and experi- mental studies) in English and Spanish were included. Results: A total of 33 documents were included: prospective cohort studies (n = 20), case reports (n = 6), case series (n = 3), retrospective cohort studies (n = 2) and a cut-off study longitudinal (n = 2); the total number of the population evaluated in the papers was 9,292 patients. Chest pain and palpitations were the main symptoms present from the onset of the disease or could have developed up to 6 to 8 months after infection in patients aged between 32.3 and 68.8 years. Conclusion: The persistence of symptoms or their development is probably associated with patients who presented severe or critical COVID-19, requiring medical management in critical care and high-flow or invasive oxygen therapy. However, clinical studies that include a larger sample size and follow-up time are necessary to improve the characterization of cardiovascular clinical manifestations.

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Gaceta Medica de Bilbao

Título del artículo:

Associations Between Coronary Artery Calcification and Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain and Diastolic Parameters: the ELSA-Brasil Study

Atherosclerosis burden can be evaluated in asymptomatic patients by measuring coronary artery calcification (CAC), whereas the global longitudinal strain (GLS) and diastolic function parameters (mitral E/e’ ratio, septal e′, and lateral e′) are used to evaluate subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We investigated whether subjects with CAC (CAC >0 Agatston units) would present with an impairment in LV functional parameters. Among the participants of the ELSA-Brasil cohort free of clinically prevalent cardiovascular disease who performed cardiac computed tomography and echocardiography within the study protocol, we tested whether those with CAC >0 presented with worse GLS and diastolic function parameters. CAC >0 was present in 203 of the 612 included participants (33.17%; age 51.4 ± 8.6 years, 52.1% women). Absolute CAC values did not correlate with GLS (ro = 0.07, p = 0.105) but did so with E/e′ (ro = 0.19, p <0.001), septal e′ (ro = 0.28, p <0.001), and lateral e′ (ro = 0.30, p <0.001), with stronger correlations in men. Those with CAC >0 had worse mitral E/e’ ratios (7.75 ± 0.13 vs 7.01 ± 0.09; p ≤0.001), septal e′ (8.25 ± 0.15 vs 9.59 ± 0.11 cm/s; p <0.001), and lateral e′ (10.13 ± 0.20 vs 11.99 ± 0.14 cm/s; p ≤0.001), respectively. However, these associations were not independent of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, persisting only as significant associations of CAC >0 with mitral E/e’ ratio and septal e’ in men. There is an association between subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and impaired LV functional parameters. These associations are more likely attributed to the presence of common cardiovascular risk factors in the general population. However, in men, it seems to exist as an independent association.

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American Journal of Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance of the 5-Item Coronavirus Fear Scale in Brazilian General Population

Introduction: The COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) is the most widely used instrument to assess fear of coronaviruses. Although preliminary analyses of the Brazilian–Portuguese version showed promising data for the 7-item version, several studies in Latin America suggest that the 5- and 6-item versions present better psychometric indicators. Objective: To replicate and compare the Brazilian–Portuguese version of the (FCV-5S), studying its homogeneity and dimensionality. Methods: A total of 1003 adults between 18 and 78 voluntarily participated. The data were analyzed through exploratory factorial analysis and structural equations modeling. A Multiple Indicators and Multiples Causes model (MIMIC) was used to check the differential functioning of each item regressed on age. Likewise, Cronbach\'s alpha and McDonald\'s omega were calculated for FCV-5S. Finally, as a test of nomological validity, the mean scores and standard deviation between men and women were compared after testing similarity invariance. Results: 73.3% were younger adults (18–44 years old), 71.3% were women, and 59.7% had a university education. The 5-item version (FCV-5S) of the COVID-19 Fear Scale has better goodness-of-fit indicators than the 6-item version for a one-factor structure. FCV-5S accomplish with invariance by gender and partial invariance by age in the general population of Brazil. Conclusions: The FCV-5S has a dimensional structure with partial invariance by gender and age and can be used to assess COVID-19 fear in the general population in Brazil.

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Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria

Título del artículo:

Psychopathology and complexity

The paradigm of complexity states that reality conveys a chaotic dynamics, ambiguous, blurred, and paradoxical, and that it does not fulfill the values of order, harmony nor perfection. However, such a chaos represents a specific way of organization and order. Human behavior explained by this paradigm vindicates on this way the outstanding role of contradiction and irregularity aside of what is linear and predictable. The purpose of this review has the primary aim to describe some concepts and assumptions that give support to the approach to complexity in behavior, especially concerning the psychopathological behavior of an individual. Some comparisons with concepts associated to complexity in scientific approaches to psychology (contextual and paradigmatical behaviorism and interbehaviorism from its own persepctive) are stablished. All these elements are developed underlining the concepts of reciprocal multicausality, complex and hierarchical learning, historical and contextual factors in the comprehension of behavior, and trying to make some extrapolations on the psychopathological behavior. This approach is hence considered appropriate and necessary to understand gnosiological entities and to intervene them in their role of clinical challenges.

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Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

High frequency of Lamivudine and Telbivudine resistance mutations in hepatitis B virus isolates from human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Bucaramanga, Colombia

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral Resistance-Associated Mutations (RAMs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are complex and incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV coinfection, HBV genotypes, and RAMs in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) in the northeastern region of Colombia. This cross-sectional study was carried out between February 2013 and February 2014. Virological, immunological and HAART data were collected from clinical records. In-house nested PCR and Sanger sequencing of the HBV pol gene were used to identify coinfections, genotypes, RAMs and HBV s antigen (HBsAg) escape mutants. Among 275 PLWH, HBV coinfection was confirmed in 32 patients (11.6%), of whom nine (28.2%) were HBsAg positive (active hepatitis B), and 23 (71.8%) were occult hepatitis B infections (OBI). All HBV sequences (n = 23) belonged to the genotype F3. Among HIV/HBV coinfections, 71.9% had CD4+ T cell counts above 200 cells/mm3 and 37.5% had undetectable HIV viral loads. The RAMs rtL80I, rtL180M, and rtM204V, which confer resistance to Lamivudine/Telbivudine and partially resistant to Entecavir, were found in all HBV isolates. An unknown rt236Y mutation to Tenofovir was also identified. Most patients under HAART received first-generation HBV antiviral therapy with a low genetic barrier to resistance. Antiviral Drug-associated Potential Vaccine-escape Mutations (ADAPVEMs) in the S gene were observed in all isolates ranging from 1–20 amino acid substitutions. However, no vaccine escape mutants were detected. In Conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of HBV molecular screening, antiviral resistance monitoring and new guidelines for PLWH to overcome RAMs and prevent HBV-related liver disease.

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Frontiers in Microbiology

Título del artículo:

OPEN DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: A METHODOLOGICAL LOOK

The present work shows a methodology for the development of open digital educational resources, called MEDEREDA. Its structural and functional aspects are analyzed, as well as a description of each of its stages. On the other hand, an instrument of evaluation based on six criteria, was designed to establish the level of acceptance and appropriation that this methodology in the study population, whose sample is made up of 17 teachers and 52 students belonging to the degree in computer science with emphasis on audiovisual media at the University of Cordoba, Colombia. The results obtained show that, in all the categories evaluated, the indicator associated with \"fully\" obtained the highest percentage by the actors, being above 55%, so it can be deduced that the methodology was identified and understood in each of its phases, enabling the execution of the processes implicit in them. MEDEREDA integrates a series of aspects associated with the characterization of the context, search, assessment and selection, as well as production phases that enrich the development process from the pedagogical, didactic and technical dimensions, allowing it to conclude that the methodological process is consistent and highly structured.

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Interciencia

Título del artículo:

Impact of an 8 and 12-week Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on the Perception of Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Angioplasty. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction. The evaluation of quality of life is a health outcome that is com-monly associated with the efficacy of treatments derived from patients with coronary artery disease. The literature is unclear regarding the role of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life in the population undergoing coronary revascularization. Aim. To determine if there are differences in perception of health-related quality of life after attending an 8-week cardiac rehabilitation program compared to a 12-week program in people after coronary angioplasty. Methods. Randomized controlled clinical trial that included people with coronary angioplasty, who attended a cardiac rehabilitation program, divided in two groups (8 and 12 weeks), who were evaluated through the 8 domains of Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results. The sample was made up of 17 people, with an average age of 63.1 ± 6.9 years. When comparing the evaluation before and after treatment in each group, sta-tistical differences were found in the physical-functioning and role-physical in 8 weeks group. Comparation between group show differences in role-emotional. Conclusion. The results of the present study did not show differences between the global score on health-related quality of life. However, when comparing the two in-terventions, the 8-week group showed better values on the role-emotional.

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Revista de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias de la Salud

Título del artículo:

Emergence of hybrid escherichia coli strains

Hybrid pathogenic Escherichia coli strains combine genetic markers from two distinct pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) or comprise strains that combine markers from extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and DEC simultaneously. The hybrid definition may include strains isolated at extraintestinal sites with one or more DEC-defining virulence factor (VF)-encoding genes. We provide an overview of the studies reporting the different combinations of VF that result in hybrid strains, some of which are associated with more severe clinical complications. Genomic analysis of some hybrid strains supports the hypothesis that the emergence of hybrid strains results from horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among E. coli strains, either among DECs or among DEC and ExPEC strains. The continuous search for hybrid pathogenic E. coliepidemiology, geographic location, risk factors for infection, transmissibility, zoonosis, and prevention. Additional research is required to understand their origin, evolution, genetic plasticity, and pathogenesis. Public health authorities face a significant challenge to promptly identify and prevent these pathogens from spreading and causing outbreaks.

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Trending Topics in Escherichia coli Research: The Latin American Perspective

Título del artículo:

Multifocal verrucous-cicatricial chromoblastomycosis: a neglected disease in Colombia

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis with heterogeneous clinical presentation. It mainly affects low-income populations, which added to limited access to health services delays diagnosis and treatment, causing serious physical sequelae. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man with warty and cicatricial skin lesions of 30 years of evolution, at the level of left lower limb and left hand, with face involvement in the last five years. A diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with multifocal and mixed clinical presentation was made, based on compatible direct examination and histopathology, and positive fungal culture for Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Oral treatment with itraconazole and clinical follow-up were stablished. Recognizing this entity is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, to avoid physical sequelae and secondary stigmatization. Primary health care should be strengthened for the recognition of neglected diseases whose incidence is underestimated in Colombia, with an atypical mixed multifocal presentation and a long evolution time. The KOH direct examination is an accessible and economical tool in the first levels of care that can contribute to the diagnostic approach.

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Revista Chilena de Infectologia

Título del artículo:

Una revisión de la geología y evolución tectónica cenozoicas de la Mesa Central de México

The Mesa Central (MC) of México is a physiographic province that consists of an elevated region with an average elevation of ~2000 m a.s.l. It has two zones with different morphology: the northern part, with extensive plains and quite eroded hills, and the southern part, with a more abrupt morphology formed by mountain ranges limited by fluviallacustrine valleys. This paper presents an update of the stratigraphic, structural, and tectonic information of the Cenozoic of the MC. In the last fifteen years, a large number of isotopic ages, geological cartography, and fault descriptions have been generated, which contributed to a substantial advancement in the knowledge of the tectonic evolution of this region of Mexico. We have organized the Cenozoic stratigraphy into six chronostratigraphic units, all of which are continental and most of which are volcanic. Two units are made up of clastic sediments that fill grabens. The oldest is of Paleogene age and contains volcanic rocks. The second represents the sedimentation coeval with a long extensional tectonic phase of Chattian-Neogene age. An unconformity between the Rupelian and the Chattian coincides with a change in the composition of magmatic rocks and the deformation style. The MC has undergone at least three phases of exhumation: (1) at the end of the construction of the Mexican Orogen (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene); (2) during the Eocene, at the beginning of the extensional phase of the MC; and (3) during the Oligocene, recorded in the Rupelian-Chattian unconformity that is observed throughout the southern part of the MC. This unconformity separates layers with different structural styles; below it, the rocks were deformed by extension with 2D-rotational “domino-like” faulting; above the unconformity, the deformation is 3D-irrotational, with the development of a polymodal fault system. The 2D deformation had a NE direction of maximum horizontal elongation, parallel to the convergence vector of the plates in the Mexican Pacific for that time. On the other hand, in the 3D deformation, the maximum horizontal elongation was oriented between E and SE. The elongation direction and the faulting style changes suggest that plate dynamics on the Pacific coast no longer dominated the deformation of the MC and were mainly influenced by the arrival of a slab window under the MC at ca. 30 Ma, as proposed by Ferrari et al. (2018, Earth Sci. Rev., 183, 115-152). We interpret that the slab window allowed the rise of asthenospheric material, producing a dome-shaped elevation of the isotherms. Consequently, the extensional deformation became three-dimensional and was accommodated by the polymodal fault pattern observed in the southern part of the MC. Noteworthy, among the Oligocene volcanic rocks there is no geochemical evidence of adakitic rocks, Nb-enriched basalts, tholeiitic basalts or magnesium-rich andesites. There are clues that the crustal thickness of the MC varies between the major fault zones and the blocks they separate. The reported thicknesses are between 30 km and 40 km. The Cenozoic geological history of the MC indicates that extension in this region has been under way for ca. 48 Myr. During this lapse, granulitization events (UHT metamorphism) and partial melting have occurred in the lower part of the crust. Data from Miocene-aged crustal xenoliths (sedimentary protolith) indicate temperatures between 872 °C and 969 °C, and calculated depths for the lower crustal zone in the eastern part of the MC are between 25 km and 33 km. The state of erosion in most of the MC indicates little or no recent tectonic and magmatic activity. However, active zones with Pliocene-Quaternary magmatism exist in Durango and San Luis Potosí, where active seismicity has been documented. A spatial coincidence exists between the major faults documented in the geological cartography and the epicenters recorded in local seismic campaigns.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geologicas

Título del artículo:

Teacher strategy management in learning periods through formative evaluation: systematic review perspective.

Society is constantly changing, therefore, it must be reinvented based on these, implying the search for new ways of seeing reality, for this, it is taken into account that in the Colombian context, education is focused on the results of learning, which account for specific skills, taking this into account, the general objective was raised: Analyze educational management for classroom management based on formative evaluation to obtain learning results, thus implying processes that they propitiate a higher educational quality for the achievement of what is expected of the student. To achieve this, documentary research was carried out through a qualitative research approach, with which 37 documents indexed in Scopus or Publindex databases were analyzed. These were arranged in an analysis matrix, where the discourse analysis technique was applied, and it was possible to find a set of emerging elements that allowed responding to the stated objective. Through this, it was concluded that the learning outcomes are positively impacted with the application of formative evaluation and adequate management in the classrooms, in this way, knowledge was transformed, and knowledge was complemented through management educational.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

Título del artículo:

Altitudinal variations in the department of Norte de Santander and their relationship with sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, L) seed yield.

In Colombia, sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, L) is planted as an alternative to coca cultivation. The plant adapts to diverse ecosystems, but research on its performance in different altitudinal gradients is scarce. The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between altitude (0 to 1,800 meters above sea level) and seed weight, oil and cake yield of Catio 2-15 genetic material from 30 farms (60 observations) in the department of Norte de Santander (Colombia). The dry seeds were weighed, shelled, and the oil and cake were extracted. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential estimators of Tukey\'s test, ANOVA and simple regression. The results indicate that there is a positive and highly significant relationship between altitude and seed weight, with the highest values between 600-1,800 meters above sea level, and a positive and non-significant relationship between altitude and sacha inchi oil and cake yield. The highest values for oil yield were found in the range 1,200-1,500 m.a.s.l and for cake yield between 900-1,800 m.a.s.l.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

Título del artículo:

Clinical-Surgical Management of Closed Cervix Canine Pyometra: Clinical Case Report

Pyometra is a bacterial infection with an accumulation of purulent exudate within the uterine lumen in intact female dogs. The diagnosis of this disease is made from the history, clinical and gynecological examinations, blood analyses, and ultrasonography of the abdomen. In this report, the clinical-surgical management of three cases of closed cervix pyometra is described. Three intact adult female dogs were presented to the veterinary emergency service because of general malaise, lack of appetite, and vomiting. The bitches showed estrus at least 3 weeks before the consultation, without vaginal discharge during this time. On clinical examination, the patients showed dehydration and apathy. Hematology, blood chemistry, and ultrasound were performed to confirm pyometra. Medical history, clinical, hematologic and chemistry findings, and abdominal ultrasonography were all consistent with a diagnosis of closed cervix canine Pyometra. Determinations of C-reactive protein were important to know the severity of inflammatory response before and post-surgery. Moreover, intraabdominal use of physiologic saline solution plus metronidazole and amoxicillin prevents secondary infections and decreases the inflammatory response. It concludes that the present report describes clinical and surgical management of closed cervix pyometra for optimizing monitoring, treatments, and saving the lives of patients with this disease.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

International Journal of Veterinary Science

Título del artículo:

Enterococcus isolated from poultry intestine for potential probiotic use

Background and Aim: To develop species-specific probiotics for poultry, it is ideal to obtain these probiotic microorganisms directly from the intestinal tract of broiler and egg-laying chicks in production environments to ensure adaptation to actual conditions. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the intestinal tract of broiler and egg-laying chicks to determine their probiotic potential. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Ross-308 broilers and 25 Isa Brown egg-laying chicks were raised until days 42 and 120, respectively; they were housed in an individual poultry building. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from the small intestine mucus of broiler and layer chicks and then evaluated based on resistance to acidic pH levels, bile salt concentration, and antagonistic activity against wild strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. selected strains with probiotic potential were identified by polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by rDNA sequencing. Results: One hundred and fifty Gram-positive isolates were obtained; 28% (42) were catalase and oxidase negative and biochemical identification was made by crystal system: 76.2% (32) Enterococcus spp., 16.6% (7) Lactococcus spp., and 7.2% (3) Streptococcus spp.; and evaluated for hemolysin production; tolerance to low pH and bile salts, and antagonistic potential were carried out. Molecular characterization yielded 56% (24) Enterococcus faecium, and 44% (18) Enterococcus faecalis. About 81% (34) of strains were without vancomycin resistance genes criterion. Conclusion: This study isolated and characterized 36 strains of LAB with probiotic qualities, from the intestines of broiler and egg-laying chicks, selecting E. faecium, Enterococcus avium, and Enterococcus casseliflavus, Lactococcus garviae as promising strains for further in vitro and in vivo research.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Veterinary World

Título del artículo:

The potential of green hydrogen fuel as an alternative in Cameroon\'s road transport sector

The objective of this paper is to evaluate and assess the potential of green hydrogen (H2) as a substitute fuel for Cameroon\'s road transportation system. To achieve this objective, we start by providing a status quo of Cameroon\'s road transport. Then, we conduct an empirical analysis on the potential of H2 as a fuel for vehicles. Based on photovoltaic electrolysis, we estimate the amount of H2 needed to fuel vehicles with the associated costs as well as the quantity of carbon emissions that could be reduced in the event of an energy switch over the period 2020–2035. Finally, techno-economic indicators are used to assess the cost-effectiveness of an H2 vehicle in comparison to a petrol car. Results reveal that if a transition were to take place before 2035 the Cameroonian road transport sector would need between 1.75 MT and 2.5 MT of H2 fuel per year. With this transition, Cameroon could reduce its emissions by around 26% (or 429 megatons of CO2 equivalent). Hydrogen-fuelled vehicles offer the greatest potential for initiating this transition with the current level of technology. Indeed, starting from an investment cost for PV of 0.42 USD/Wp, H2 in a hydrogen-fuelled vehicle can be cost-effective compared with petrol in an internal combustion engine with a PV efficiency of 40%. Therefore, a hydrogen fuel-based transport sector could emerge through technological and production advances. This study contributes to solving the problems related to fossil fuel availability and greenhouse gas emissions arising from the expansion of the road transport sector in Cameroon, envisaging H2 as an alternative fuel.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy