Título del artículo:

Theta-encoded information flow from dorsal CA1 to prelimbic cortex drives memory reconsolidation

Reconsolidation is the process by which reactivated, labile memories are restabilized. Disrupting this process induces retrograde amnesia specific to the reactivated memory, making it a promising therapeutic target for anxiety disorders rooted in maladaptive avoidance. However, the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying reconsolidation are still not fully understood, limiting its translational potential. Here, we show that inducing reconsolidation of a fear-driven avoidance memory in adult male rats increases coherent theta synchrony and directional connectivity between the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus and the prelimbic cortex. Optogenetic silencing of dorsal CA1 terminals in the prelimbic cortex during the reconsolidation induction window disrupted this theta coupling and led to delayed memory impairment. These findings demonstrate that reconsolidation depends on theta-mediated information transfer through the direct dorsal CA1-prelimbic pathway and suggest that monitoring or modulating this activity could inform the development of targeted interventions aimed to modify or disrupt distressing, intrusive memories.

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Iscience

Título del artículo:

The influence of cardiac rehabilitation on acute myocardial infarction patients\' readmission rate in Santander, Colombia

Objective Estimating the effect of post-infarction cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on readmission/re-hospitalization rates according to intervention level. Method This was a prospective cohort study of patients diagnosed as suffering acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Data concerning infarction severity, previous illness, medical history, hospital course, Killip classification, length of hospital stay and condition on discharge. Medical records and telephone contact were used to confirm whether a patient had received CR and ascertain pertinent components. Follow-up was extended to one year. Results 96 AMI patients of both genders were included; information about CR was available for 72 of them,5 of whom had received CR based only on physical activity. 49 patients received complete CR based on education, physical activity, psychological and nutritional assessment. 18 patients had not received CR. One death and 10 new admissions/hospitalizations were recorded during follow-up. A Poisson regression model showed that patients who had received CR based only on physical activity presented significantly higher re-hospitalization rates than patients who had received a complete CR scheme (rate ratio 5.89:1.14-30.4995 % CI; p=0.04). Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach must bead opted to CR involving physical activity, education and psychological and nutritional assessment.

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Revista de Salud Publica

Título del artículo:

Prevalence and characterization of fetal abdominal wall defects in Cúcuta, Colombia (Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2022)

Introduction: Abdominal wall defects are a group of diseases resulting from the affectation of embryonic development. Reports of prevalence at international and national level in the last decades show a significant tendency to increase the most frequent congenital defects in this group, gastroschisis and omphalocele. These defects can be diagnosed ultrasonographically from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation and can be associated with other congenital malformations. Objective: To describe the prevalence and characterization of pregnant women diagnosed with congenital malformations of the fetal abdominal wall, attended in 2021 and 2022 in two institutions in the city of Cúcuta (Colombia). Material and methods: Clinical cases obtained from the database of pregnant women attended at the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital (HUEM) and the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit (NORFETUS) during the time of the research. Results: This research had two populations in different institutions, giving a total of 18 cases of fetal abdominal wall defects for the city of Cúcuta (prevalence of 6.82 cases per 10,000 pregnant women). The most predominant abdominal wall defect was gastroschisis (83.3% of the cases), followed by omphalocele (11.1%) and only one case of pentalogy of Cantrell. Most of the pregnant women were young patients (83% were under 25 years old), 66.7% primigestive and 72.2% terminated gestation via cesarean section, with a hopeful survival rate of 88.9% in the sample studied. Conclusions: Fetal abdominal wall defects can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasonography; the most predominant of these was gastroschisis. The presence of these defects is more frequent in primigesters and in women under 25 years of age. Generally, these pregnancies are terminated by cesarean section; neonatal results confirm a high survival rate.

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Revista Chilena De Obstetricia Y Ginecologia

Título del artículo:

Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper(II) Complexes Containing Ligands Derived from Azoles and Coumarins

Four Cu(II) complexes with coumarin-derived ligands are synthesized and fully characterized, confirming a ratio of 1:1 ligand to metal. The complex C3 presents a geometry between a square pyramid and a trigonal bipyramid with a supramolecular arrangement ruled by hydrogen bonding. Photophysical studies show absorption and emission bands mainly by the contribution of the aromatic groups, mainly by the coumarin moiety. Furthermore, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) pair of these complexes is associated with irreversible redox reactions, according to electrochemical investigations. In addition, the complexes are tested against bacterial and fungi strains, with being C1 the most active complex with fungicidal activity and a good selectivity index. It is suggested that the mechanism of action of the complex is oxidative distress. The studies of the mechanism of action show that the possible antifungal activity of the complexes is by oxidative distress, which is also supported by electrochemical studies and changes in the membrane potential using a probe, JC-1.

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European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

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Clinical Perspective on Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Adults With Grade 1 Hypertension and Low-to-Moderate Cardiovascular Risk: An International Expert Consultation

Hypertension is a leading risk factor for disease burden globally. An unresolved question is whether grade 1 hypertension (140-159/90-99 mm Hg) with low (cardiovascular mortality <1% at 10 years) to moderate (cardiovascular mortality ≥1% and <5% at 10 years) absolute total cardiovascular risk (CVR) should be treated with antihypertensive agents. A virtual international consultation process was undertaken to summarize the opinions of select experts. After holistic analysis of all epidemiological, clinical, psychosocial, and public health elements, this consultation process reached the following consensus in hypertensive adults aged <80 years: (1) The question of whether drug treatment in grade 1 should be preceded by a period of some weeks or months during which only lifestyle measures are recommended cannot be evidence based, but the consensus opinion is to have a period of lifestyle alone reserved only to patients with grade 1 “isolated” hypertension (grade 1 uncomplicated hypertension with low absolute total CVR, and without other major CVR factors and risk modifiers). (2) The initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy in grade 1 hypertension with moderate absolute total CVR should not be delayed. (3) Men ≥55 years and women ≥60 years with uncomplicated grade 1 hypertension should automatically be classified within the moderate absolute total CVR category, even in the absence of other major CVR factors and risk modifiers. (4) Statins should be considered along with blood-pressure lowering therapy, irrespective of cholesterol levels, in patients with grade 1 hypertensive with moderate CVR.

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Current Problems in Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Effect of short-term exposure to particulate matter on mortality rate by cardiovascular disease in Colombia: An observational ecological study with causal machine learning

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of death in older adults with pre-existing CVD. This study aimed to estimate the causal effect of short-term particulate matter exposure on excess CVD mortality among individuals aged 60 and older in the 10 most populated cities of Colombia. The study utilized publicly available data from 2015 to 2022 on daily CVD, aerosols concentration, and temperature. We estimated the excess deaths by cardiovascular disease based on the daily standardized mortality ratio for each municipality and applied a double machine learning algorithm to estimate the effect of high PM2.5 levels on excess CVD deaths. The results revealed a positive association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and excess CVD deaths. The strongest effect was observed for PM2.5 exposure during the five previous days, with high levels of PM2.5 increasing excess deaths by an average of 27.5% compared to low levels. Additionally, the study found a trend of increasing excess deaths associated with high PM2.5 levels in conjunction with high temperatures. This study provides evidence for a causal link between short-term exposure to elevated PM2.5 levels and increased CVD mortality in older adults residing in major Colombian cities. The findings underscore the importance of implementing air quality improvement measures to mitigate the adverse health impacts of PM2.5 pollution, especially for vulnerable populations.

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International Journal of Biometeorology

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Effectiveness of a movement and music programme on activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours and motor and musical skills in young children: protocol for the MoviMusi cluster randomised controlled trial

The early childhood education and care (ECEC) environment is an important setting for providing children with daily opportunities for movement and music, supporting holistic child development in the early years. To date, there are no studies evaluating the implementation of a holistic programme in the ECEC context in the areas of movement behaviour and motor and musical skills. The main aim is to examine the effectiveness of a holistic movement and music programme on physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour and sleep, motor skills and musical skills in young children (1–3 years). The secondary aims are to examine the impact of the movement and music programme on the perceptions of the educational community, as well as the barriers and facilitators they perceive in the process of baseline assessment, construction, and implementation of the movement and music programme in their own ECEC community. This cluster-randomised controlled trial (intervention and control groups) with public ECEC centres will be performed over a 24-month period. Baseline measurements will be taken in the first year of the project, and assessments to examine the effectiveness of the programme will take place 12 months after the baseline assessment. For young children the main outcome variables will be: (a) PA, sedentary time, and sleep time; (b) gross and fine motor skills; and (c) musical skills. The secondary outcomes will be: (a) PA and sedentary time during outdoor play and structured PA sessions; (b) play patterns during outdoor free play; and (c) movement and music behaviours after ECEC hours. For families, secondary outcomes will be: (a) perceived barriers and facilitators to PA in young children; (b) perceived barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of music at home; and (c) the means of transport to ECEC settings and barriers to active commuting. For ECEC educators, the secondary will be: (a) perceived barriers and facilitators for the inclusion of movement and music as curricular practices in the ECEC institution; (b) perceived impact of the implementation of the movement and music programme. This research project aims to fill a knowledge gap during a period of childhood that has rarely been explored, either nationally or internationally (1–3 years), and to position movement and music teaching practices as key contexts in the curriculum development of infant and toddler education.

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Journal of Activity Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors

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Influence of age on the association of vascular risk factors with acute stroke (INTERSTROKE): a case–control study

Background: The absolute burden of stroke is increasing due to an ageing population, as well as an increased incidence of stroke in young adults. We aimed to determine whether age modifies the magnitude of association between vascular risk factors and stroke in the INTERSTROKE study. Methods: INTERSTROKE is an international case–control study of risk factors for first acute stroke. Cases and controls (matched by age and sex) were recruited in 32 countries (between Jan 11, 2007, and Aug 8, 2015). Participants completed a clinical assessment and provided blood and urine samples within 72 h of recruitment. Odds ratios (ORs) for vascular risk factors and their population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated among age groups. We tested for an interaction of age by each risk factor. Findings: Among 26 950 participants, the mean age of cases was 62·2 years (SD 13·6) and of controls 61·3 years (13·3). Increasing age was associated with a significant increased prevalence for seven vascular risk factors (hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, high waist-to-hip ratio, high apolipoprotein B concentration [p<0·0001 for all], and obesity [p=0·016]), reduced prevalence for four vascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol use, psychosocial stress [p<0·0001 for all], and unhealthy diet [p=0·0081]) and unchanged prevalence for one vascular risk factor (depression). Increasing age was associated with a reduced magnitude of OR of stroke for hypertension (pinteraction<0·0001), high apolipoprotein B concentration (pinteraction<0·001), high waist-to-hip ratio (pinteraction 0·011), alcohol use (pinteraction<0·0001), and psychosocial stress (pinteraction=0·033). No vascular risk factor was associated with a higher odds of stroke with increased age. Hypertension, high waist-to-hip ratio, and physical inactivity accounted for the largest PAF among all age groups. Interpretation: Vascular risk factors exhibit different patterns of association with stroke by age, with consequent variations in their relative PAF. This information could be used to prioritise risk factor screening and modification by age group. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; Canadian Stroke Network; AFA Insurance, Health Research Board Ireland; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; The Health & Medical Care Committee of the Regional Executive Board, Region Västra Götaland (Sweden); AstraZeneca; Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada); Pfizer (Canada); MSD; Chest, Heart, and Stroke Scotland; and The UK Stroke Association.

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Lancet Healthy Longevity

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Multilocus analysis uncovers the evolution of the Rhodniini tribe, vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi

In this study, we investigate the origin and diversification of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors within the Rhodniini tribe (Triatominae subfamily) through phylogenetic analyses based on eight genes from 17 species and 497 specimens—the largest sampling of this tribe to date. Our results predominantly support the paraphyly of the genus Rhodnius, with the three Psammolestes species forming a well-supported monophyletic clade nested within it. In two reconstructions, however, Psammolestes and Rhodnius are recovered as reciprocally monophyletic, each with strong support. In Rhodnius, we find monophyletic pallescens and pictipes groups, but a paraphyletic prolixus group, with persistent phylogenetic discordances underscoring uncertainties in species placements. Divergence estimates suggest Rhodniini originated around 5.26 million years ago, notably more recent than previously thought. Evolution within the tribe appears shaped by geography, gene flow, and incomplete lineage sorting rather than traditional taxonomy. Only four species—P. arthuri, R. ecuadoriensis, R. neivai, and R. neglectus—are consistently supported across analyses, likely diversifying during Pleistocene climate changes. Other Rhodniini species may represent a panmictic population with minor structuring influenced by the Andes uplift. This study underscores the need for integrative research combining genetic, ecological, and biogeographical data to fully understand Rhodniini speciation and diversification.

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Scientific Reports

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STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CATATUMBO BASIN (COLOMBIA): A REVIEW BASED ON MICROTECTONIC ANALYSIS OF WELL CORES

From the microtectonic analysis of drill cores from oil fields in the Catatumbo Basin, complemented with well image data and regional interpretations, two major tectosedimentary episodes are recognized that influence the definition of its petroleum system: a) an early extensional one where the sequences exhibit progressive evidence of compaction by burial associated with Mesozoic and Paleogene sedimentation that generates subvertical fractures with carbonate fillings originating from the dissolution of stylolitic surfaces by overloading of the overlying sequences and b) another late Cenozoic episode associated with the consequences of the ENE-WSW Andean convergence that provides a submeridian transpressive context that reactivates the venulations as more fragile mechanical discontinuities in senestral transpression. The evolutionary history of deformation expressed by microtectonic core data provides information on the chronology of the petroleum system, whose first stage of compaction is associated with the maturation and expulsion of fluids and the second stage with the generation of fracturing that increases the secondary porosity and permeability of the fields. In the case of reinterventions and development of unconventional hydrocarbons, wells should be directed in the WSW-ENE direction and subhorizontally of the minimum principal stress (σ3) to traverse the greatest number of potentially open subvertical fractures per linear meter.

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Geociencias

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Impact of red blood cell transfusion on patient’s quality of life: a comprehensive narrative review

Background and Objective: Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a key intervention for managing anemia across various patient populations, with the primary aim of alleviating symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea to enhance quality of life (QoL). Despite its widespread use, the effect of RBC transfusion on QoL is not fully understood and appears to vary across populations, depending on factors such as transfusion strategy, baseline hemoglobin (Hgb) level, comorbidities, and disease context. Importantly, existing studies often focus on short-term physiological outcomes, leaving a gap in the understanding of long-term and patient-reported QoL benefits. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the impact of RBC transfusion on QoL in patient populations that frequently require transfusion support, including those undergoing cardiac or hip surgery, patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) or thalassemia, and individuals with hematologic malignancies, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and critically-ill patients—highlighting key knowledge gaps and informing future research and clinical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, covering English language studies published between 2000 and 2024, including randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. Key Content and Findings: This review summarizes current evidence on the impact of RBC transfusion on QoL in patients that frequently require transfusion support. In surgical settings, restrictive transfusion strategies often yield comparable outcomes to liberal approaches. For patients with chronic transfusion needs, such as those with thalassemia or SCD, QoL outcomes are influenced by underlying disease severity and transfusion-related complications. The review highlights the need for standardized QoL measures and longer-term studies to clarify the true impact of RBC transfusion on patient-centered outcomes. Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on the impact of RBC transfusion on QoL, offering valuable insights to inform more patient-centered transfusion practices. By identifying key knowledge gaps—particularly the lack of standardized QoL measures and long-term outcome data—it lays the groundwork for future research aimed at refining transfusion strategies and improving clinical decision-making across diverse patient populations.

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Annals of Blood

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Relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone concentration and antral follicle count in Colombian creole cows of the Chino Santandereano breed

Objective: This study was to evaluate the relationship between serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and antral follicle count (AFC) during the estrous cycle of Colombian Creole cows of the Chino Santandereano breed. Materials and Methods: Ten non-lactating, non-pregnant, multiparous cows of the Chino Santandereano breed (Bos taurus taurus adapted), aged between 3 and 7 years, with a body condition of 3.0 ± 0.4 and with normal reproductive tracts at the structural and functional level, were selected and used. For the synchronization of estrus and ovulation, an intravaginal progesterone release device plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate was applied for 8 days. On day 8, 150 μg of cloprostenol sodium + 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin + 1 mg of estradiol cypionate was administered. This protocol was performed to determine the antral follicular count and to quantify serum AMH levels every 5 days during the estrous cycle. Results: The mean serum AMH concentration and AFC were 725 ± 2.7 pg/ml and 43.4 ± 3.5, respectively. A high correlation was observed between AMH and AFC of r = 0.041; p < 0.0001. Conclusion: The results showed that in Creole cows of the Chino Santandereano breed, there is a high correlation between circulating levels of AMH and ovarian reserve. This mechanism can be used as an endocrine biomarker of the follicular population.

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Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research

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Evaluation of anti-Candida effect of Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes by variation of coordinating environment. Synthesis and characterization of modifying of 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol complexes

Pursuing development of metal complexes featuring improved antifungal activity, here we account for the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole-based Co(II) (compounds: 2, 4) and Cu(II) (3, 5) complexes. The characterization of these compounds established that all complexes exhibit stoichiometries of 1:1 between the metal center and multidentade ligand, namely 1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol (1), with complementary chloride (compounds: 2, 3) and acetate (4, 5) ligands. The isolated multidentate ligand (1) and 3–5 were obtained as air-stable solids, while 2 showed significant moisture absorption after 24 h, as determined by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, computational calculations for 2 and 3, allows evaluation of the probable geometries. Our results recognize cobalt complexes as significant antifungal molecular species for potential treatment of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and N. glabrata. These complexes demonstrated greater activity compared to the free ligand, with [Co{1,3-bis(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propan-2-ol-N,N}(CH3COO)2] (4) showing minimum inhibitory concentrations values between 7.81 and 125 μg mL^-1. It is noteworthy that 4 showed no toxicity in mammalian cells and no mutagenic effects, suggesting a favorable safety profile. These results, provides strong basis for the further design and explorative synthesis of novel candidates to tackle biological pathogens by using highly tailorable transition metal complexes.

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Journal of Molecular Structure

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Molecular evidence reveals the absence of wMel Wolbachia in Apis mellifera bees from urban areas of Medellín (Colombia) with large-scale release events of infected Aedes aegypti

Between 2016 and 2017, Medellín implemented a biological control strategy to reduce Aedes aegypti populations by inoculating them with Wolbachia (wMel), a bacterium that induces sterility in insects. While horizontal Wolbachia transmission has been reported in insects, including bees, Colombia lacks a monitoring program to assess its impact after large-scale mosquito releases. This study investigated the presence of Wolbachia in Apis mellifera from urban areas with A. aegypti release events (2018–2019) and rural areas as controls. Molecular analysis of the WSP gene in 240 samples confirmed the absence of Wolbachia in all specimens, challenging the hypothesis of its prevalence in urban environments. However, these findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring to evaluate the interaction between bees, their environment, and human activities.

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Journal of Apicultural Research

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Trigeminal nerve microstructure is linked with neuroinflammation and brainstem activity in migraine

Although the pathophysiology of migraine involves a complex ensemble of peripheral and CNS changes that remain incompletely understood, the activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system are believed to play a major role. However, non-invasive, in vivo neuroimaging studies investigating the underlying neural mechanisms of trigeminal system abnormalities in human migraine patients are limited. Here, we studied 60 patients with migraine (55 females, mean ± standard deviation age: 36.28 ± 11.95 years) and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (19 females, age: 35.45 ± 13.30 years) using ultra-high field 7 T diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI, in addition to PET with the translocator protein ligand ¹¹C-PBR28. We evaluated MRI diffusivity measures and the PET signal at the trigeminal nerve root, in addition to the brainstem functional MRI response to innocuous ophthalmic trigeminal nerve territory stimulation. Patients with migraine demonstrated altered white matter microstructure at the trigeminal nerve root (n = 53), including reduced fractional anisotropy, in comparison to healthy controls (n = 18). Furthermore, in patients, lower fractional anisotropy was accompanied by higher neuroinflammation (i.e. elevated ¹¹C-PBR28 PET signal) at the nerve root (n = 36) and by lower functional MRI activation in an ipsilateral pontine cluster consistent with the spinal trigeminal nucleus (n = 51). These findings were more robust on the right side, which was consistent with the observation that right headache-dominant patients demonstrated higher migraine severity in comparison to left headache-dominant patients in our cohort. Multimodal imaging of the integrated neural mechanisms that characterize migraine underscores the importance of trigeminal system remodelling as both a key aspect of the dynamics underlying migraine pathophysiology and a target for therapeutic interventions. The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved.

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Brain

Título del artículo:

Impact of different acute low back pain definitions on the predictors and on the risk of transition to chronic low back pain: A prospective longitudinal cohort study

Inconsistencies in the identification of predictors for the transition from acute low back pain (aLBP) to chronic LBP (cLBP) may be attributed to the varying definitions of aLBP used in different studies. We investigated how adopting different aLBP definitions affects the set of predictors and the risk of transition to cLBP (LBP > 3 months that caused a problem for at least half the days in the past 6 months). We leveraged data from the ongoing prospective Quebec Low Back Pain Study to compose 3 aLBP groups at baseline: nonchronic (individuals not meeting the cLBP criteria, n = 788), acute (LBP < 3 months, n = 230), and new episode (LBP < 3 months preceded by ≥3 pain-free months, n = 182). The primary outcome was the transition to cLBP at 6 months. We built predictive models within groups using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm to identify key predictors, focusing on models discrimination and calibration. Risks of transition were 35.8%, 44.3%, and 45.6%, for the nonchronic, acute, and new episode groups, respectively. Pain intensity, disability, and depression emerged as consistent predictors across definitions. The acute and new episode models, but not the nonchronic, were considered clinically useful (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.7), with the latter displaying better calibration and increased performance after adjustment to pain duration. These findings highlight the importance of standardizing aLBP definitions to improve risk stratification and targeted early interventions. Clearer definitions can enhance predictive accuracy, ensuring more effective resource allocation and preventive strategies for individuals at risk of developing chronic pain.

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Pain

Título del artículo:

The burden of cardiovascular events according to cardiovascular risk profile in adults from high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a cohort study

Background: Current strategies to prevent adverse cardiovascular outcomes focus primary prevention in high-risk groups and secondary prevention in people with known cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the proportion of events occurring in lower-risk groups globally. Methods: We included people aged 40 years to younger than 75 years who were enrolled in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, which is an ongoing, international, prospective, population-based cohort study that started recruiting adults from households selected to be broadly representative of the sociodemographic composition of their communities. We prospectively documented fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or any other fatal cardiovascular event stratified by history of cardiovascular disease and by the 10-year predicted disease risk scores based on WHO 2019 laboratory risk tables (<10% [low], 10% to <20% [intermediate], and ≥20% [high]) in people without previous cardiovascular disease from 26 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries. Outcome event rates were standardised for the cohort\'s age and sex distribution. Findings: Between July 11, 2000, and May 6, 2019, 128 973 participants were included from 26 countries (mean age 53·6 years [SD 8·2]; 75 858 [58·8%] were female and 53 115 [41·2%] were male). We observed 11 483 outcome events affecting 8·9% of the cohort during a median follow-up of 12·3 years (IQR 9·8–14·6). Among participants, 89 508 (69·4%) had a low cardiovascular disease risk, 22 363 (17·3%) had an intermediate cardiovascular disease risk, and 5529 (4·3%) had a high cardiovascular disease risk, while 11 573 (9·0%) had known cardiovascular disease. The age-standardised and sex-standardised cardiovascular disease incidence rates per 1000 person-years was 4·1 (95% CI 4·0–4·2) in the low-risk group, 17·7 (15·2–20·2) in the intermediate-risk group, and 40·8 (25·1–56·4) in the high-risk group. Overall, 41% of outcome events occurred in cardiovascular disease-naive participants at low risk. The proportion of adverse cardiovascular outcomes occurring in this low-risk group was inversely related to country income level (32% in high-income, 38% in middle-income, and 54% in low-income countries) and was higher in women (51%) than in men (32%). Interpretation: To achieve a substantial population-level reduction in cardiovascular disease, a fundamental change is needed, so that preventive strategies for cardiovascular disease extend beyond those at high or even intermediate predicted risk to include those at considered to be at low risk. Funding: The funding bodies are listed in the appendix (p 29).

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Lancet Global Health

Título del artículo:

Injury to the right long thoracic nerve in a male patient with no history of trauma. a case report

The idiopathic injury of the long thoracic nerve is a rare cause of dysfunction in the serratus anterior muscle, which can lead to winged scapula, a condition that affects scapular stability and shoulder functionality. While it is often associated with factors such as trauma or surgery, in many cases, the etiology remains unknown, presenting a diagnostic challenge. We present the case of a patient with shoulder weakness and winged scapula, with a diagnosis of idiopathic injury confirmed through electromyography and nerve conduction studies. The initial treatment was conservative, with progressive improvement, highlighting the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent severe functional limitations.

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Gaceta Medica Boliviana

Título del artículo:

UNGUEAL MELANOMA: A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION

Among cutaneous melanomas, acral lentiginous melanoma is one of the rarest subtypes, accounting for approximately 2-8% of cases in adults. In the pediatric population, its clinical presentation tends to be more aggressive and may appear atypical, making early diagnosis particularly challenging. Given the rarity of this melanoma type in children, a high level of clinical suspicion is required from the initial evaluation, with incisional or excisional biopsy remaining the diagnostic gold standard. We report the case of a 3-year-old male preschooler with a presumptive positive Hutchinson\'s sign suggesting subungual melanoma on the left hallux. Histopathological analysis through biopsy was key to establishing the definitive diagnosis.

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Revista De La Asociacion Colombiana De Dermatologia Y Cirugia Dermatologica

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Use of a 10 eV monochromatized krypton lamp for ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometry

A method for the monochromation of an ultraviolet lamp for photoelectron spectrometry using a temperature-controlled magnesium fluoride filter is presented. Typically, open optical path helium discharge lamps are used as the light source for this technique, requiring complex differential pumping systems. A simple alternative solution using a sealed krypton resonance lamp with an independently heated magnesium fluoride glass filter is described. By heating the this output filter to 170–180 °C, its short wavelength transmittance limit is shifted, selectively blocking the 116.5 nm low intensity resonance line while maintaining transparency to the main line of 123.6 nm (10.03 eV). Validation of the method through work function measurements on polycrystalline copper samples yielded values of 4.6 ± 0.1 eV, consistent with data reported in the literature. This technique offers a more accessible and less complex solution for spectrometry laboratories without compromising measurement accuracy.

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Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy

Título del artículo:

Integrated Behavioral and Proteomic Characterization of MPP+-Induced Early Neurodegeneration and Parkinsonism in Zebrafish Larvae

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) combine accessible behavioral phenotypes with conserved neurochemical pathways and molecular features of vertebrate brain function, positioning them as a powerful model for investigating early neurodegenerative processes and screening neuroprotective strategies. In this context, integrated behavioral and proteomic analyses provide valuable insights into the initial pathophysiological events shared by conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and related disorders—including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and synaptic impairment—which emerge before overt neuronal loss and offer a crucial window to understand disease progression and evaluate therapeutic candidates prior to irreversible damage. To investigate this early window of dysfunction, zebrafish larvae were exposed to 500 μM 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) from 1 to 5 days post-fertilization and evaluated through integrated behavioral and label-free proteomic analyses. MPP⁺-treated larvae exhibited hypokinesia, characterized by significantly reduced total distance traveled, fewer movement bursts, prolonged immobility, and a near-complete absence of light-evoked responses—mirroring features of early Parkinsonian-like motor dysfunction. Label-free proteomic profiling revealed 40 differentially expressed proteins related to mitochondrial metabolism, redox regulation, proteasomal activity, and synaptic organization. Enrichment analysis indicated broad molecular alterations, including pathways such as mitochondrial translation and vesicle-mediated transport. A focused subset of Parkinsonism-related proteins—such as DJ-1 (PARK7), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA), and multiple 26S proteasome subunits—exhibited coordinated dysregulation, as visualized through protein–protein interaction mapping. The upregulation of proteasome components and antioxidant proteins suggests an early-stage stress response, while the downregulation of mitochondrial enzymes and synaptic regulators reflects canonical PD-related neurodegeneration. Together, these findings provide a comprehensive functional and molecular characterization of MPP⁺-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae, supporting its use as a relevant in vivo system to investigate early-stage Parkinson’s disease mechanisms and shared neurodegenerative pathways, as well as for screening candidate therapeutics in a developmentally responsive context.

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Characterization of antibiotic prescription in intensive care units according to the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification

Introduction: The inappropriate use of antibiotics in intensive care units poses risks, such as increased infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and adverse reactions. The World Health Organization\'s strategy, named Access, Watch, and Reserve, aims to mitigate these risks by categorizing antibiotics into these categories. Objective: To characterize antibiotic consumption in the adult population of intensive care units during the first quarter of 2023. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on patients in intensive care units was conducted. A bivariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were carried out. Results: 807 intensive care unit patients were studied, with a median age of 60 years. Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most prescribed antibiotic. According to the Access, Watch, and Reserve classification, 77.96% of prescriptions fell into Watch category, 11.29% into Reserve, and 10.75% into Access. Discussion: Antibiotic use in intensive care units is crucial for managing critically ill patients. Our study focuses on the challenges of antibiotic selection, complication management, and emphasizes antimicrobial stewardship for optimal therapy and reduced resistance. Conclusion: It is crucial to conduct an intervention study to demonstrate how increasing interaction of the antimicrobial stewardship team during prescription can enhance antibiotic use, reduce side effects, and decrease unnecessary costs.

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Revista Cuidarte

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Big data en salud: innovación transformadora o desafío ético en la atención médica

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Gaceta Medica De Bilbao

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The Silent Burnout of the General Practitioner in Rural Areas

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Revista Del Hospital Psiquiatrico De La Habana

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Ultra-Processed Grains and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study

Background:Ultra-processed grains, commonly consumed in Western diets, undergo refining processes that often remove beneficial components and include additives to enhance taste, texture, or durability, potentially influencing gastrointestinal health. This study examines the association between ultra-processed grain consumption and the risk of developing IBD using data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.Methods:This analysis included 124,590 participants from 21 countries who had dietary data available in the PURE study. Dietary intake was assessed through validated food frequency questionnaires, and ultra-processed grain intake was categorized into three levels. The primary outcome was the development of IBD, including Crohn\'s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for confounders including age, sex, smoking status, eating habits, and physical activity.Results:Among 124,590 participants, higher ultra-processed grain intake was associated with increased IBD risk. Participants consuming ≥19g/day of ultra-processed grains had a higher risk of developing IBD compared to those consuming <9g/day [HR: 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-2.61), ptrend=0.0003] after multivariate adjustment. Fresh bread and rice consumption were associated with lower IBD risk. Participants with greater ultra-processed food intake (≥ 5 servings/day) were linked to a higher risk of developing IBD compared to those consuming <1 serving/day [HR: 3.95 (95% CI: 2.74-5.71), ptrend<0.0001].Conclusion:Higher intake of ultra-processed grains is associated with significantly increased risk of developing IBD. A healthy eating pattern should minimize consumption of ultra-processed grains. Further studies should be performed to understand which components of ultra-processed grains may be detrimental for health.

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American Journal of Gastroenterology