Título del artículo:

Evaluating the co-digestion of bovine and goat excreta for biogas generation using a tubular biodigester in Valledupar, Cesar

As the transition toward decentralized renewable energy becomes more urgent in rural Colombia, biogas production through anaerobic digestion presents a sustainable solution for waste valorization and energy access. This study evaluated the co-digestion of bovine and goat manure using a tubular biodigester under real operating conditions at La Esperanza farm in Valledupar, Cesar. Laboratory-scale biomethanization potential (BMP) assays identified a 75:25 goat-to-bovine ratio as optimal, reaching a methane (CH₄) yield of 0.1978 m³ CH₄ per kilogram of volatile solids (kgVS). Due to livestock availability, the full-scale implementation used a 75:25 bovine-to-goat mixture, resulting in 0.17 m³ CH₄/kgVS and 53.7 % CH₄ concentration, compared to 0.14 m³ CH₄/kgVS and 55.5 % CH₄ in mono-digestion. Physicochemical analysis showed that mono-digestion had greater organic matter removal—10.98 % volatile solids (VS) and 19.66 % total solids (TS)—compared to 4.72 % and 0.3 % in co-digestion. Both processes maintained stable pH (7.6–7.9), optimal volatile fatty acids/total alkalinity (VFA/TA) ratios, and no hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) generation, confirming system stability. The biodigester replaced up to 80 % of traditional fuels and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions by 3–6 tons per year, with estimated annual savings of COP 650,000. No kinetic modeling was required, as BMP consistency between lab and field validated system predictability. This study demonstrates the feasibility of anaerobic digestion for small-scale energy production, emphasizing the importance of substrate availability, pretreatment of goat manure, and balanced feedstock design. Its results provide evidence-based guidance for implementing biodigesters in similar rural contexts to promote energy access, waste reduction, and environmental sustainability.

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Results in Engineering

Título del artículo:

Determinant factors affecting quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a medical condition that presents significant challenges in immediate care, as well as in managing the sequelae following the event. Post-infarction quality of life is often diminished. Objetive: Evaluate the changes in the quality of life of patients with AMI treated at a high-complexity institution. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with patients from a high-complexity institution between 2021 and 2023. The EQ-5D-3L quality of life scale (EuroQol 5D)® was applied during hospitalization and one month after discharge. Likewise, sociodemographic, and clinical variables were collected with which multivariate logistic regression models were constructed for each of the dimensions. Statistical analyses were performed in STATA 16. Results: A total of 1007 participants met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 66 years (57-74), 68.02% were men, elementary school education level (59.15%) and main antecedent was hypertension (68.42%). In the analysis by dimensions, an association was found with negative changes with female sex, older age, history of diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, and Killip III and IV classification, as well as medical management and surgical revascularization compared to percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusions: This study identifies key factors affecting the quality of life in survivors of AMI. While overall improvements are observed, significant deterioration is highlighted in specific dimensions, particularly in women and those with diabetes, kidney disease, and coronary disease.

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Revista Colombiana De Cardiologia

Título del artículo:

Consumption of cocaine and cardiovascular diseases in young adults

Cocaine use at the national and international levels is currently a public health problem related to high mortality and morbidity rates. The increase in cocaine usage in the last decades in young adults has caused multiple medical problems related to its consumption. Although some alterations have been demonstrated in all systems of the organism, it is especially in the cardiovascular system where cocaine exerts its greatest effects which can be as serious as death. This drug may induce arrhythmias, coronary vasospasm, myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction, and sudden death. In the following article, we made a descriptive review of the effects of cocaine on the different body systems while emphasizing the cardiovascular effects that are associated with higher mortality, so as to provide an updated and complete information of this phenomenon that affects a large part of the world’s population and above all, the young population.

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Revista Colombiana De Cardiologia

Título del artículo:

Expert consensus on vaccination as a primary prevention strategy for women of reproductive age, pregnant, or adulthood

Objective: To generate recommendations for vaccinating women at different stages of their lives, in order to reduce potential variability in current use in Colombia. Materials and Methods: The guideline development group consisted of professionals from the health sector. All participants submitted written conflict-of interest declarations. Answerable clinical questions were formulated, outcomes were graded, and a literature search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Embase, and LILACS. The search also included grey literature sources and was updated on May 14, 2024, with no restrictions on date or language. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology was used to determine the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. Due to the limitations of the retrieved studies—particularly concerning the applicability of the evidence—expert opinion was sought. Formal consensus was achieved following the RAND/UCLA methodology (RAND Corporation/ University of California, Los Angeles). Prior to publication, the document underwent peer review. Results: The following recommendations were developed: 1. The development group suggests that women who are not immune to mumps, measles, or rubella (e.g., IgG negative) should be vaccinated during the preconception period. Quality of evidence: low ⨁⨁◯◯ 2. The development group suggests that all women in the preconception period be vaccinated against varicella if they lack confirmed natural immunity (e.g., negative varicella-zoster virus IgG antibodies). Quality of evidence: very low ⨁◯◯◯ 3. The development group suggests that women living in yellow fever endemic areas be vaccinated during the preconception period if they have not been previously immunized. Quality of evidence: very low ⨁◯◯◯ 4. The development group suggests that adolescent girls and young adult women receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, 3 doses (0.2 and 6 months) to reduce cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Quality of evidence: moderate ⨁⨁⨁◯ 5. The development group suggests that pregnant women be immunized against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis during pregnancy to reduce infection risk in both the mother and newborn. Quality of evidence: low ⨁⨁◯◯ 6. The development group suggests influenza vaccination at any stage of pregnancy to reduce infection risk in the mother and in infants up to six months of age. Quality of evidence: very low ⨁◯◯◯ 7. The development group suggests maternal COVID-19 vaccination at any stage of pregnancy to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death of the mother and the newborn during the first four months of life. Quality of evidence: very low ⨁◯◯◯ 8. The development group suggests vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during pregnancy to reduce hospitalization risk in the newborn. Quality of evidence: very low ⨁◯◯◯ 9. The development group suggests that older adult women be vaccinated against herpes zoster to reduce morbidity associated with this condition. Quality of evidence: moderate ⨁⨁⨁◯ 10. The development group suggests that older adult women receive influenza vaccination to reduce the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Quality of evidence: moderate ⨁⨁⨁◯ 11. The development group suggests that older adult women be vaccinated against pneumococcus to reduce the incidence of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease. Quality of evidence: low ⨁⨁◯◯ 12. The development group suggests that older adult women be vaccinated against RSV to reduce the incidence of ARI and lower respiratory tract infections. Quality of evidence: low ⨁⨁◯◯ 13. The development group suggests that older adult women living in yellow fever endemic areas be vaccinated if they have not been previously immunized. Quality of evidence: very low ⨁◯◯◯ Conclusions: Vaccination is recommended as a primary prevention strategy throughout the different stages of a woman\'s life. Given the quality of the available evidence and the significant limitations in the applicability of some studies—particularly among pregnant women—further research is needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of this intervention during this stage of life.

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Revista Colombiana De Obstetricia Y Ginecologia

Título del artículo:

Analysis of the environmental impact of fuel hydrotreating through life cycle assessment and process data

This study evaluates the environmental impact of an industrial diesel hydrotreating (HDT) unit using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based on two years of process data. The data were preprocessed and clustered using the k-means algorithm, with the silhouette coefficient identifying dominant clusters or operating modes. Each mode was analyzed based on operating variables, and LCA phases were applied using the Eco-indicator 99, considering both average values and intervals of utility consumption and emissions. These intervals provide a more comprehensive representation of industrial performance. The results identified two operating modes: Mode 1, characterized by higher reactor temperatures, pressures, and hydrogen-to-feed ratios, achieving lower sulfur diesel on average; and Mode 2, operating at lower severity, producing diesel with higher sulfur content while consuming fewer resources on average. LCA analysis showed that at the average conditions Mode 1 had a 5.4% higher impact than Mode 2, primarily driven by hydrogen demand in the “Natural Resources” category, while electricity consumption significantly affected “Human Health”. The environmental burden increased with severity, with impact intervals rising by 72% (Mode 1) and 82% (Mode 2) from the least to the most severe operating conditions. A linear correlation was observed between sulfur content and environmental impact, with increases of 0.17 MPt/year per ppm (Mode 1) and 0.23 MPt/year per ppm (Mode 2). Additionally, a comparison with untreated diesel combustion suggests that, under certain conditions, avoiding hydrotreatment could result in a lower overall impact. These findings challenge low sulfur diesel policies, as stringent sulfur reductions significantly increase hydrogen and energy consumption.

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Energy Conversion and Management

Título del artículo:

Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma of the Scalp: A Rare Case Report

Background: Extraosseous Ewing sarcomas account for approximately 20%–30% of all Ewing sarcomas. Among these, 5%–10% occur in the head and neck region, representing approximately 1%–3% of all Ewing sarcomas. Methods: We report the case of a 33-year-old female patient with a progressively enlarging mass in the frontal scalp over the course of 18 months. The lesion had previously been surgically excised twice, with benign pathology reports on both occasions. Given the imaging findings suggestive of malignancy, a diagnostic surgical resection was performed. Results: Histology and immunophenotyping were compatible with extraosseous Ewing sarcoma; therefore, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered. Conclusions: This represents the seventh reported case of primary involvement of the scalp; and the first reported in Latin America.

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Head and Neck

Título del artículo:

Complications and clinical factors associated with pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in a Colombian cohort

Introduction: Malnutrition significantly impairs both physical and cognitive function, increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in patients lacking a safe and effective route for enteral nutrition. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy offers a minimally invasive solution for long-term enteral nutrition in pediatric patients, with a lower risk of perioperative complications compared to surgical alternatives. Objective: To evaluate the frequency, timing, and clinical factors associated with postoperative complications following pediatric percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Methods: A retrospective analytical cohort study was conducted, including pediatric patients (≤18 years) who underwent Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement between January 2018 and December 2024. Bivariate analyses and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to assess the frequency of complications and complication-free survival time. Results: A total of 86 pediatric patients underwent Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during the study period, of whom 12 (14%) experienced major postoperative complications. The median age was 4.53 years (interquartile range: 1.56–9.46 years). The most frequent major complication was Buried Bumper Syndrome, observed in 9 patients (10.47%). Minor complications included mild peristomal infection (8.14%) and feeding intolerance (5.81%). A complication-free survival of 96.73% (95% CI: 87.26–99.19) by day 12 and 69.35% (95% CI: 45.33–84.43) by day 40 was determined. Discussion: This study underscores the importance of systematic nutritional assessment and optimized post-operative care to reduce complications following PEG in pediatric patients. The high incidence of Buried Bumper Syndrome calls for more stringent follow-up protocols, especially in resource-limited settings. Close monitoring during the early post-operative period can prevent complications.

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Frontiers in Pediatrics

Título del artículo:

The positive impact of the Life\'s Essential 8 in the prevention of incident heart failure

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European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Título del artículo:

Incidence, evolution and clinical behavior of pseudocholelithiasis associated with ceftriaxone in children

Ceftriaxone-associated pseudocholelithiasis is common but underdiagnosed in children, occurring in up to half of those receiving ceftriaxone. Although self-limiting, it is frequently accompanied by symptoms. Objective: To report the incidence, course, risk factors, and clinical behavior of pseudocholelithiasis in children receiving ceftriaxone. Patients and Method: Prospective, descriptive, observational case series study. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years who received ceftriaxone were included. Clinical follow-up and hepatobiliary ultrasound were performed at the start of treatment and every 5 days until complete resolution. Association with risk factors was explored. Statistics used included Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Eighty patients were included, 51.2% were male, median age 4.5 years (range 5 months to 17 years). The prevalence of pseudocholelithiasis was 35% (28 patients), documented in 6 and 27 patients during the first and second ultrasound (21.4% and 96.4%). Pseudocholelithiasis was significantly more frequent in the age group older than 5 years, those with lower fluid intake, obese, overweight, and very rare in malnourished patients (all p < 0.05). Twelve patients presented abdominal pain as a cardinal symptom (42.9%). The mean duration of the stones was 19.1 (5-44) days. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone-associated pseudocholelithiasis is common, occurring in 1 out of 3 children who receive it. Its main risk factors were age over 5 years, lower fluid intake, overweight, and obesity. Abdominal pain is frequent, and the progression was self-limited.

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Andes Pediatrica

Título del artículo:

Perceived Barriers and Facilitators in Cardiovascular Risk Management in Colombia: A Qualitative Analysis of the RE-HOPE Study

Introduction: Low medication adherence and low hypertension control are a public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Healthcare system- and patient-related barriers hinder the successful management of hypertension. This study aimed to identify the perceptions of barriers and facilitators to hypertension management among health system stakeholders in Santander, Colombia. Materials and Methods: We conducted a qualitative, phenomenological, and interpretative study, comprising five focus groups, to explore the barriers and facilitators to managing people with hypertension. Each focus group was formed by stakeholders from territorial entities, healthcare insurers, or healthcare providers. Meetings were held between December 2022 and February 2023. The sessions were recorded and transcribed using NVivo Transcription and analyzed using NVivo version 1.6.1. Results: Seven categories of barriers and facilitators were identified: strategies, resources, access, risk assessment, cross-sector collaboration, articulation, and stewardship. Of these categories, articulation and stewardship emerged as the main barriers, as revealed through axial coding and cluster analysis, which highlighted deficiencies in stewardship practices, a lack of clear objectives, and misalignment with public policy frameworks. Conclusions: Multisectoral actions extending beyond healthcare providers and aimed at improving coordination and intersectoral collaboration are essential for enhancing hypertension control in LMICs, such as Colombia. Addressing social determinants and strengthening primary healthcare through community-based strategies are critical, making stewardship and improved access key priorities.

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Título del artículo:

Predictive models for food security in Latin America: A scoping review

Introduction: Food security in Latin America faces significant challenges due to factors such as climate change, social inequality, and economic instability, highlighting the need for advanced tools for analysis and management. This article reviews the current state of the literature on predictive models applied to food security in Latin America, with an emphasis on the Colombian context during the period 2014-2024. Objective: To describe the methodological approaches, algorithms used, and their practical applications in this field. Materials and Methods: A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted, which included 65 relevant studies. Results: The findings highlight the predominance of climatic, agricultural, and technological variables, while socioeconomic and health/nutritional categories were underrepresented. The most used algorithms were Random Forest and Artificial Neural Networks, both at 16.9%. The main areas of focus were the sustainable management of natural resources (26.2%), the prediction of agricultural yield (21.54%), and the impacts of climate change and food quality and safety (13.85% each). Conclusions: The integration of broader data categories and developing more robust models are essential to strengthening food security in the region, contributing to sustainable development goals and more effective public policies.

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Archivos Latinoamericanos De Nutricion

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Scrofuloderma, an Old Acquaintance: A Case Report and Literature Review

Scrofuloderma, a cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis, is a rare but clinically significant form of mycobacterial infection. It typically results from the local spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an infected lymph node or bone area to the overlying skin. This disease is mainly characterized by chronic granulomatous inflammation, leading to skin ulcers and abscesses. Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, scrofuloderma can mimic various dermatological conditions, making its diagnosis particularly challenging. This case report presents the clinical course of a patient who was positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) with a diagnosis of scrofuloderma, managed at a tertiary healthcare center, with follow-up before and after treatment. A literature review was also made, highlighting the importance of maintaining a high index of clinical suspicion and utilizing appropriate diagnostic methods to ensure timely diagnosis.

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Infectious Disease Reports

Título del artículo:

Virulence Profiles of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Three Food Matrices Collected from Retail Markets

Salmonella enterica is one of the most common foodborne pathogens associated with the consumption of contaminated porcine, dairy, and avian products. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a major cause of bacterial diarrhea, responsible for ∼150 million cases and 60,000 deaths annually. The main goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and to establish the virulence profile (VP) from genes (avrA, invE, ssaD, sseF, ssaQ, ttrC) and plasmid genes (pefA, spvB, spvC) in isolates obtained from cheese, chicken, and pork sold in food markets in Barrancabermeja, Colombia. A survey was conducted on 100 samples each matrix. The detection of Salmonella spp. followed the ISO 6579:2017 standards modified, and isolates were confirmed using the invA gene. In addition, single polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to detect the nine virulence genes. Salmonella spp. was found in 62%, 32%, and 14% of pork, chicken, and cheese samples, respectively. A total of 277 isolates were biochemically, serologically, and molecularly compatible with Salmonella spp. The most representative serogroups were C and B. Forty-seven combinations of virulence gene were detected; 53.5% of the pork isolates, 46.2% of the cheese isolates, and 39% of the chicken isolates were distributed among VP1, VP2, and VP3 suggesting a higher pathogenic potential. In addition, seven isolates harbored plasmid-encoded virulence genes (spvB and spvC), which are associated with increased invasiveness. The results revealed a higher prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pork and chicken compared with other studies conducted in Colombia. The serogroups identified include serovars that more frequently affect humans Salmonella Enteriditis, Salmonella Newport, and Salmonella Typhimurium. The isolations have the majority of the virulence genes studied. These findings highlight the need to improve control measures and educate food handlers to minimize the presence of Salmonella spp. and its potential transmission.

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Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

Título del artículo:

Types of Coercive Practices, Disability and Days in Crisis in People With Suicide Attempts in Latin American

The present study aimed to identify the types of coercive practices in healthcare services and to analyze their relationship with psychosocial disability and days in crisis among individuals with suicide attempts in Colombia. A mixed-methods design was adopted. The quantitative component consisted of an analytical cross-sectional study with a stratified sample of 622 individuals, using validated instruments to assess depressive symptoms, resilience, subjective well-being, loneliness, continuity of care and psychosocial disability. The qualitative component involved 30 semi-structured interviews, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Multivariate analysis explained 45.1% of the variance in days in crisis. Coercive practices were significantly associated with higher levels of psychosocial disability, more severe depressive symptoms, and lower scores in resilience and subjective well-being (p <.001). Qualitative findings revealed perceptions of dehumanizing treatment, normalization of coercion by health personnel and disruption of the therapeutic relationship. Coercive practices represent a risk factor for psychosocial recovery.

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Community Mental Health Journal

Título del artículo:

Visual and bibliometric analysis of interventions based on Equine-Assisted Therapy

Background: Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) stands out for its benefits for people with various health conditions, not only disabilities but also general health issues, contributing to the development of specific competencies. Objective: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the literature on equine therapy, evaluating the scientific landscape, emerging trends, and collaboration networks to guide future research and practices in this field. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, which includes more than 16000 scientific journals. Results: The search, conducted between 2000 and 2024, identified 332 articles on equine therapy in rehabilitation, of which 233 met the selection criteria. Most studies were conducted in the United States, followed by Brazil and Korea. The average age of the articles is 7.21 years, and the average number of citations per document is 26.87. The most prominent journals were Pediatric Physical Therapy and Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, while authors such as Kwon Jeong-Yi and Lee Ji Young stood out for their collaborations. Conclusion: EAT is gaining recognition as an effective intervention, especially in physical and neurological rehabilitation. The growing international collaboration and the quality of the research highlight the global interest in this area, with a significant contribution from researchers across various regions to the knowledge of the field.

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Salud Uninorte

Título del artículo:

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY PRODUCTION IN VENEZUELA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Geothermal energy is a useful source for the generation of electricity, heat, cooling, mineral extraction, oxygen, and hydrogen. For several decades, Venezuela has focused its energy model on its immense hydrocarbon reserves. Nevertheless, the need to diversify energy sources for the transition to net-zero carbon emissions entails considering the potential of renewable geothermal resources that have been largely exploited for recreational purposes until now (i.e., thermal waters), as well as exploring the geothermal characteristics of potential hydrocarbon deposits. The objective of this article is to perform a state-of-the-art investigation of the geothermal resources available in Venezuela (i.e., hydrothermal reservoirs, hot dry rocks, hydrocarbon reservoirs with high water cut production and at high temperature, among others), along with existing exploitation techniques for the generation of geothermal energy in the country. This article reviews the prevailing physics of geothermal reservoirs (fluid flow in porous media, heat transfer, the thermodynamics of fluids, chemical reactions, etc.), and international geothermal techniques such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems, Closed-Loop Geothermal systems, the integration of the organic Rankine cycle and proton exchange membrane electrolyzer to produce electricity and hydrogen, mineral extraction, geothermal CO2 plume for CO2 emission management, among others. Based on available technical reports, each method will be discussed in terms of its underlying technique, as well as its environmental impact. The results of this review indicate that within the scenarios that could be predicted in Venezuela for geothermal power generation are the following: the production of electricity and hydrogen from hydrothermal and/or aquifer systems, the conversion of depleted/abandoned oil and gas wells or high-water cut reservoirs to geothermal, combination of geothermal and CO2 storage/management, or other potential energy sources like hydrogen, together with mineral extraction from the produced water. Results based on international experiences indicate the importance of considering physicochemical and geochemical reactions, as well as an adequate heat transfer from reservoir to surface equipment, which can have an impact on the efficiency and cost of the processes. This article will provide one of the strategic tools to help in the exploitation of renewable geothermal resources in Venezuela and the transition to decarbonization. It opens up opportunities for the development of geothermal resources in the country where up to now these resources have remained underexploited. It also brings in international experiences on geothermal technologies to promote field applications and practical implementation of this technology in Venezuela.

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering OMAE

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SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCED WATER IN VENEZUELA’S MAJOR HYDROCARBON BASINS (EASTERN VENEZUELA AND MARACAIBO BASINS): EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AND MINERAL EXTRACTION

Sustainable water management in hydrocarbon production poses a significant challenge for Venezuela\'s oil and gas industry, particularly in the Eastern Venezuela and Maracaibo basins. Traditionally, the water lifecycle in the hydrocarbon industry has focused on phase separation (e.g., hydrocarbons and solids), treatment (e.g., emulsions), transport, disposal, storage, and utilization. However, water valorization techniques for renewable energy production have yet to be fully explored. This article introduces a workflow for hydrogen production, geothermal energy generation, and valuable mineral extraction from produced water in Venezuela, aiming to enhance water resource utilization and diversify energy sources with a low environmental impact. A comprehensive review is conducted on available information, including published technical reports and scientific publications, production profiles, and physicochemical water analyses. The conversion of existing wells in high-water zones and/or aquifers is emphasized, along with the techniques for hydrogen production through water electrolysis. The review also explores potential formations containing valuable metals and minerals, together with the techniques—both research-focused and industrial—used for the extraction and production of electrolytic hydrogen and minerals like lithium. Key factors influencing these processes are also identified. The results of this study suggest that several potential scenarios for managing produced water in Venezuela include hydrogen production, the use of geothermal energy through existing wells (with possible reconditioning), mineral extraction from produced brines, the application of alternative enhanced/improved oil recovery (EOR/IOR) processes, water use for agricultural purposes, among others. Current findings highlight the importance of considering physicochemical and geochemical reactions—such as precipitation of solids, scaling, mineralization, acid gas generation, and corrosion—along with the selection of suitable materials, management and storage of acidic gases, electrolyzer efficiency, and an effective underground-surface heat transfer system. These factors are crucial as they directly affect the efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the processes.

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Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering OMAE

Título del artículo:

Causal inference unveils how forest coverage mitigates excess snakebite cases during rainfall seasons in Colombia

Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease that affects mainly rural populations, where antivenom is scarce. Understanding environmental drivers of snakebite incidence is critical for public health preparedness. This study employs causal inference to assess the impact of rainfall on snakebite surges in Colombia, with broader implications for tropical regions. Using a spatiotemporal database of monthly snakebite case data (2007–2021), we applied machine learning models to estimate the causal effect of rainfall, considering nine atmospheric and oceanic indices, forest coverage, and rural GDP. High rainfall significantly causes excess snakebite cases (i.e., increasing the likelihood that the number of cases exceeds what is expected based on the standardized incidence ratio): a one-standard-deviation increase in rainfall (134.65 mm) led to a 2.1% rise in excess snakebite cases (95% CI 1.3–2.9). Forest coverage exhibited an inverse relationship with the impact of rainfall on excess cases, which is positive in regions with < 50% forest cover. These findings highlight the need for climate-adaptive public health strategies. Deforested regions face heightened snakebite risk during heavy rainfall, emphasizing the role of deforestation in shaping disease dynamics. As climate change alters precipitation patterns, integrating ecological and epidemiological data is crucial for forecasting and mitigating snakebite burden globally.

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Scientific Reports

Título del artículo:

Techno-economic analysis of integrated biomass gasification and alkaline electrolysis for 5th generation district energy networks in Quebec, Canada

This study presents a technical, thermo-economic, and environmental analysis of a biomass-based polygeneration system. This system is for fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5GDH) networks. The system integrates a biomass gasifier with an electrolyzer. The electrolyzer provides an on-site oxygen source for gasification, eliminating the need for energy-intensive Air Separation Units (ASUs). The generated syngas fuels a turbine to produce electricity. The waste heat from this process is then recovered for District Heating and Cooling networks. Additionally, the electrolyzer produces hydrogen (H2), which is injected into the syngas stream. This addition significantly boosts its heating value, resulting in an inert, nitrogen-free blend suitable for urban hydrogen, power, heating, and cooling applications. The produced electricity can also power commercial heat pumps, enabling efficient low-temperature DHC. The research examined three scenarios using an Engineering Equation Solver (EES) mathematical model. This model was validated, showing less than a 10 % deviation from experimental data. Scenarios one and two explored combined air and steam gasification for heat, power, and cooling production. The third scenario integrated the gasifier and electrolyzer, where an external power source operates the electrolyzer to generate oxygen (O2) for gasification and hydrogen (H2) for syngas enrichment. The system was analyzed at 2.2 MWe and 5.5 MWe capacities in a case study located in Quebec, Canada. Results highlight the strategic benefit of using electrolyzer-derived oxygen. The system was designed to meet peak demands (0.6 MW heating, 0.5 MW cooling, 1.1–4.9 MW electricity) and achieved high efficiency. Oxygen gasification, utilizing 16.14 MJ/kg LHV biomass, required 33–37 % less biomass than air gasification. It reached 78 % plant efficiency and 61 % exergy efficiency. The thermo-economic analysis confirmed its environmental and economic performance. It recorded a primary energy consumption of 4 GWh/year and direct CO2 emissions of 9 tCO2eq/year. This represents a 91 % Primary Energy Saving compared to reference systems. Operating costs dropped to 2511 k$/year (from 5603 k$/year for 5.5 MW reference). The 5.5 MWe system demonstrated a 12-year Simple Payback Period and a 40M Net Present Value. These findings strongly support this polygeneration system as a highly sustainable and economically advantageous model for energy-independent urban districts.

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Energy

Título del artículo:

From guidelines to practice: LDL-C achievement in very high cardiovascular risk patients - analysis of the EDHIPO MARCA registry

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with dyslipidemia playing a key role in its progression. Despite advances in lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), LDL-C (Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) goal achievement remains suboptimal. This study evaluated LDL-C goal attainment in Colombian patients with very high cardiovascular risk (CVR) due to coronary artery disease (CAD) following ESC/EAS guidelines updates. METHODS: EDHIPO MARCA (Evaluación De adherencia a la terapia HIPOlipemiante en pacientes de Muy Alto Riesgo CArdiovascular) is a retrospective, multicenter study assessing LDL-C goal achievement in patients with CAD. Data were collected from previous coronary angiogram reports and medical records across 11 Colombian healthcare institutions with certified interventional cardiology services. Patients with CAD who had at least one follow-up LDL-C measurement and an LLT prescription within 12 months post-angiogram were included. LDL-C goal attainment was assessed across three periods-2011-2012, 2016-2017, and 2021-2022-corresponding to the updates of ESC/EAS guidelines (2011, 2016, and 2019, respectively). The LDL-C goals were <70 mg/dL for the first two periods and <55 mg/dL for the most recent one. LDL-C was measured or estimated using the Friedewald equation. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 1,788 patients were included, with a median age of 66 years (IQR: 59-74), and 70.7% were male. Hypertension (67.5%) and overweight (40.8%) were the most common comorbidities. At discharge, statins were prescribed in 84.1% (95% CI: 82.4-85.8%) of patients, increasing to 99.1% (95% CI: 98.6-99.5%) at the end of follow-up (median 6.8 months); PCSK9 inhibitors were prescribed in 1.5%, exclusively in 2019. At the end of follow-up, 36.6% (95% CI: 34.3%, 38.8%) achieved LDL-C goals. By guideline period, goal attainment was 12.1% (95% CI: 5.4%, 18.8%) in 2011, 42.3% (95% CI: 37.9%, 46.8%) in 2016, and 36.2% (95% CI: 33.5%, 38.9%) in 2019. By number of follow-ups, LDL-C goal achievement increased from 32.9% (1 follow-up) to 44.0% (4 follow-ups). CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread LLT use, LDL-C target achievement remains suboptimal. Frequent follow-up and greater use of combination therapy beyond statins may be essential to improve lipid control in very high CVR patients.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Lipids in Health and Disease

Título del artículo:

Global trends in sustainable cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) production: A bibliometric analysis (2019–2025)

Currently, there is global concern about rising temperatures, which, together with the food risk, is causing climate change. In addition, cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) production is questioned because of its production method, which generates deforestation and high energy and water consumption in the process. These environmental problems cause a bad image in the sector, and uncertainty in the overall production of the cocoa industry, which has been striving to implement sustainable practices to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, solutions to this environmental issue have received little attention from the scientific community, and the need has arisen to investigate sustainable solutions for the cocoa industry. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to identify global sustainable trends that have been researched in the cocoa industry. For this purpose, a search strategy was designed and applied in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases, to collect information, filtering the results, in the categories of articles related to the agriculture and business groups in the 2019-2025 period, published in journals cataloged in quartiles one and two. Using the R programming language for information processing, 56 documents were found. Eleven sustainable practices were identified in the industry to improve social, economic, and environmental performance, through waste valorization, soil improvement, reduction of water and energy consumption, and the adoption of green certifications. Finally, a framework is proposed for integrating the links in the supply chain with the practices for making them most sustainable.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Revista Facultad Nacional De Agronomia Medellin

Título del artículo:

The role of non-licensed professionals in Colombian higher education: Identity and pedagogical training

This study explores the relationship between teacher identity and pedagogical training among Non-licensed professionals (NLPs) in Colombian higher education. A content analysis (CA) is employed to analyze academic sources, including doctoral theses and indexed articles, focusing on identity formation and pedagogical development using qualitative research design. The findings reveal that NLPs demonstrate deep expertise in their respective fields while many lack formal pedagogical training which is essential for developing effective teaching practices. This gap not only affects the quality of education but also delays the development of a coherent and transformative teacher identity. This study underscores the importance of continuous pedagogical training that emphasizes both personal and professional growth, moving beyond knowledge acquisition to address individual and collective dimensions of development. It concludes that higher education institutions must implement structured training programs that align technical expertise with pedagogical practices enabling NLPs to create enriched learning environments and contribute more effectively to educational transformation. Furthermore, the research highlights the need for policies supporting NLPs\' development as teachers and professionals, inviting further exploration of the challenges and opportunities they face. Such initiatives are crucial to ensure quality education and promote meaningful contributions to the academic community.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

International Journal of Education and Practice

Título del artículo:

Factors Associated with HPV Infection in Women in the Cúcuta Metropolitan Area

Introduction. Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Several factors such as gynecological and behavioral history have been associated with this infection. Objective. To evaluate sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with HR-HPV infection in women living in Cúcuta and its metropolitan area. Methods. Cross-sectional study. HPV genotyping was performed on cytocervical specimens using PCR-HPV Direct Flow CHIP, sociodemographic data were collected using a structured survey. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated. Results. 72 women were included. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 13.89% (95%CI 7.72-23.71). Eight HR-HPV genotypes were detected, with HPV-73 being the most frequent. Factors independently associated with HR-HPV infection were being over 30 years of age (aPR 0.49; 95%CI 0.27-0.89), age at menarche (aPR 0.47; 95%CI 0.27-0.82), not having health insurance (aPR 4.23; 95%CI 1.69-10.60), and having had an abnormal Pap smear in the last three years (aPR 2.35; 95%CI 1.29-4.28). Conclusions. This is the first study to determine the prevalence and factors associated with HR-HPV infection in women living in this region. The factors independently associated with a higher prevalence of HR-HPV infection were lack of health insurance and having had an abnormal Pap smear in the last three years; the former is a modifiable factor and the latter represents a factor that allows for comprehensive assessment and follow-up. The findings of this study highlight the importance of strengthening HPV surveillance, reinforcing vaccination campaigns, and expanding screening programs in Colombia’s border region.

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Revista De Investigacion E Innovacion En Ciencias De La Salud

Título del artículo:

Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiovascular Autonomic Modulation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit cardiovascular autonomic imbalance, an important predictor of mortality. Physical exercise is an intervention known to enhance cardiovascular autonomic modulation in various populations. However, it remains unclear whether these benefits extend to women with PCOS, given that specific pathophysiological characteristics may influence autonomic adaptations. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesize the available evidence to improve understanding of this topic. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted, followed by a snowball search to ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to quantitatively summarize the effects of exercise interventions on autonomic cardiovascular regulation in this population. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADEpro tool. Results: Five studies were selected, including 316 women with PCOS (214 in the exercise group and 102 in the control group). The meta-analysis indicated that aerobic exercise reduces the percentage of sequences with three consecutive cardiac cycles without significant variations (mean difference [MD = −6.13; 95% CI = −8.56 to −3.71, p < 0.001; I² = 0%; moderate-certainty evidence) and increase the percentage of sequences with three consecutive cardiac cycles with two different variations (MD = 7.16; 95% CI = 4.61 to 9.72; p < 0.001; I² = 8%; moderate-certainty evidence) and the root mean square of successive differences (MD = 12.84; 95% CI = 2.66 to 23.03; p = 0.01; I² = 52%; low-certainty evidence). Conclusion: The benefits of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular autonomic modulation appear to extend to women with PCOS, increasing vagal modulation and reducing sympathetic modulation. However, further studies are needed to strengthen the evidence and clarify the effects of other exercise modalities.

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Clinical Endocrinology

Título del artículo:

Osteopenia treatment: A comprehensive approach and the role of biphosphonates in fracture prevention

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Gaceta Medica De Caracas