Título del artículo:

LINEAR AND AFFINE FUNCTION IN SECONDARY TEXTBOOKS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

This article deals with a systematic review on the analysis of Secondary Education textbooks on the linear and affine function, following the guidelines of the PRISMA model and the keywords obtained from the UNESCO thesaurus. The databases considered for this research were WoS, Scopus, SciELo, DOAJ and Dialnet. The search yielded a total of 14 documents, six of which were analyzed after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Some results show that, in relation to bibliometric indicators, most of the authors are female and the country of the institutions to which the authors belong only one of them is Latin American. The presence of a qualitative approach with the object of study, mostly textbooks, is evidenced. It is concluded that there are few scientific articles on the subject in mainstream journals.

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Interciencia

Título del artículo:

Factors related to mental health problems in nursing students: a multicenter study

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought consequences to the mental health of the undergraduate population of nursing programs. Objective: To identify the factors associated with mental health disturbances among university students in nursing programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic among students enrolled in nursing programs at two Colombian universities and one Spanish university. An online sociodemographic, economic, and personal survey was administered along with the GHQ-12, the Family APGAR, the MOS Social Support Survey, and the IES-R for posttraumatic stress. The prevalence of mental health disturbances and their differences according to the characteristics of the students were estimated; prevalence ratios were also obtained. Results: Of the 302 students, a prevalence of clinically significant mental was found in 61.92%, family dysfunction in 61.58%, and low social support in 9.33%. In addition, 44.46% had posttraumatic stress symptoms, 52.65% had economic difficulties, 54.61% had academic difficulties, and 69.87% had personal difficulties. These mental disturbances were frequent in the presence of moderate family dysfunction (PR=1.77 CI95%=1.15;2.73), difficulty in paying for food (PR=1.35 CI95%=1.09;1.67), a breakup with a partner (PR=1.27 CI95%=1.02;1.59) and clinically relevant posttraumatic stress symptoms (PR=1.69 CI95%=1.28;2.24). Discussion: Psychological distress and its related factors found in nursing students agree with other findings in the literature. Conclusion: A significant proportion of nursing students were affected in their mental health during the pandemic, demonstrating the need for systematic, continuous, and comprehensive strategies by educational institutions.

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Revista Cuidarte

Título del artículo:

Sanitary quality of bottled water distributed in three municipalities in the north of Santander, Colombia

Bottled water is a vital source of hydration for health. Bottled water companies manage resources responsibly and have as a great challenge to invest in science, technology, innovation, research and practices that improve the quality and conservation of water. In Colombia, the bottled water market is disputed by about 800 companies, which start with drinking water and add microfiltration, nanofiltration, ozonation, reverse osmosis, ultraviolet light, pasteurization, among others. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of mesophilic aerobes, coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella spp. in treated bottled drinking water produced by companies in San José de Cúcuta and marketed in the municipalities of Los Patios, Villa del Rosario and Cúcuta, Colombia. A total of 50 samples from ten companies were collected and analyzed following methodologies established in Colombian technical standards. The presence of mesophilic aerobes was determined in 76% of the total number of samples, total coliforms in 36%, fecal coliforms in 28%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 12% and Salmonella spp. in 0%. These results exceed the permitted values, according to Resolution 12186 of 1991 from the Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud, 1991). For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an exhaustive followup and control of the processing and distribution stages of bottled treated drinking water in order to establish the necessary corrective measures to ensure quality and reduce the potential risk to the health of consumers.

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Tecnologia y Ciencias del Agua

Título del artículo:

Digital marketing and E-commerce for pymes in Colombia: security and ease of mobile transactions.

This study investigated the importance of training in digital marketing and e-commerce for SMEs in Colombia, focusing on the security and ease of mobile transactions. Face-to-face training workshops were conducted with 18 selected entrepreneurs to analyze their previous experiences and challenges. The results revealed that 88% of the entrepreneurs considered training in these topics essential. The lack of knowledge and skills in digital marketing and e-commerce was identified as a barrier to the growth of SMEs online. The workshops were effective in improving the entrepreneurs\' knowledge and skills, and they emphasized the importance of security and personalization in ecommerce. Emerging trends and technologies, such as the use of blockchain and biometric technologies, were identified to enhance the security of mobile transactions. The adoption of innovative technologies, such as artificial intelligence and augmented reality, was highlighted as a way to increase competitiveness and improve the customer experience in e-commerce in Colombia.

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Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias

Título del artículo:

Associations of the glycaemic index and the glycaemic load with risk of type 2 diabetes in 127 594 people from 20 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study

Background: The association between the glycaemic index and the glycaemic load with type 2 diabetes incidence is controversial. We aimed to evaluate this association in an international cohort with diverse glycaemic index and glycaemic load diets. Methods: The PURE study is a prospective cohort study of 127 594 adults aged 35–70 years from 20 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries. Diet was assessed at baseline using country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires. The glycaemic index and the glycaemic load were estimated on the basis of the intake of seven categories of carbohydrate-containing foods. Participants were categorised into quintiles of glycaemic index and glycaemic load. The primary outcome was incident type 2 diabetes. Multivariable Cox Frailty models with random intercepts for study centre were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs). Findings: During a median follow-up of 11·8 years (IQR 9·0–13·0), 7326 (5·7%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. In multivariable adjusted analyses, a diet with a higher glycaemic index was significantly associated with a higher risk of diabetes (quintile 5 vs quintile 1; HR 1·15 [95% CI 1·03–1·29]). Participants in the highest quintile of the glycaemic load had a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest quintile (HR 1·21, 95% CI 1·06–1·37). The glycaemic index was more strongly associated with diabetes among individuals with a higher BMI (quintile 5 vs quintile 1; HR 1·23 [95% CI 1·08–1·41]) than those with a lower BMI (quintile 5 vs quintile 1; 1·10 [0·87–1·39]; p interaction=0·030). Interpretation: Diets with a high glycaemic index and a high glycaemic load were associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a multinational cohort spanning five continents. Our findings suggest that consuming low glycaemic index and low glycaemic load diets might prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Funding: Full funding sources are listed at the end of the Article.

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The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology

Título del artículo:

Lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the Mexico City prospective study: Assessing the influence of reverse causation

Background: We examined the association between individual lifestyle risk factors with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study including 155,002 participants from the Mexico City Prospective Study. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between individual lifestyle risk factors and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Participants with prevalent diseases at baseline and participants who died during the first 2, 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up were excluded to account for reverse causation. Results: 27,469 people died during 18.3 years of follow-up years. Overweight and moderate alcohol consumption were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, while low physical activity and smoking were positively associated when all participants were included, regardless of prevalent disease or duration of follow-up. The direction of the association of overweight with all-cause mortality changed from inverse to positive after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up. Compared with normal weight, the hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) was 1.17 (1.13,1.22) for obesity after excluding those who died in the first 5 years of follow-up and 1.71 (1.59,1.84) after excluding the first 15 years of follow-up. The magnitude of the association of alcohol intake, low physical activity, and smoking with mortality attenuated, whereas for fruits and vegetables increased, after excluding longer periods of follow-up. Limitations: The data were collected exclusively in Mexico City; lifestyle risk factors were self-reported and thus prone to misclassification bias. Conclusions: Reverse causation may influence both the magnitude and the direction of the associations between lifestyle risk factors and mortality.

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Journal of Affective Disorders

Título del artículo:

Chronology and impact of global research into chronic postoperative pain: a bibliometric analysis of 40 years of research

Objective: To describe the chronology, evolution and impact of global research into chronic postoperative pain. Materials and methods: A bibliometric study was conducted using the Scopus database. A structured search was designed and validated, thereby allowing the collection of metadata, which were analyzed through the Bibliometrix package of the R programming language. The study involved the description of the general characteristics, evolution and calculation of impact metrics of global research into chronic postoperative pain. Results: The study included 1,496 documents, which spanned from 1983 to 2023. Original articles accounted for 70.7 % (n =1,059) of the total output, followed by reviews (n = 357; 23.8 %). There was an international collaboration rate of 15.6 %, and there has been sustained growth in output since 1983, with a sharp increase in the last 13 years, 2022 being the most prolific one (n =191 published documents). It was identified that Canada and Denmark lead the impact of global research and have the most productive authors and institutions. However, the United States is the most prolific country because it leads significant collaboration, mainly with European and Latin American countries. Neuropathic pain, risk factor assessment and pain management were identified as some of the most frequent topics. Over the past approximately 10 years, there has been persistent interest in research on quality of life, prediction, prevention, and risk factor assessment. Recently, there has been interest in studying pain in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and developing predictive models. Conclusions: The study revealed sustained growth in global research on chronic postoperative pain over the past 40 years. Such growth has been mainly led by Canadian and Danish institutions, despite the United States being the most prolific country. Moreover, there has been a significant transition in the studied topics, moving from the use of drugs and identification of risk factors to the study of predictive models, data systematization, and video-assisted surgery.

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Horizonte Medico

Título del artículo:

Debut of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with malignant hypercalcemia, unusual presentation: a case report

Introduction. Leukaemia is the leading childhood cancer, with a 2022 incidence rate of 5.5 per 100,000 children. In the pediatric population, Hypercalcaemia maligna is one of its rare and severe paraneoplastic manifestations (overall incidence 0.4 - 1.3%). Objective. To present a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that debuted with severe hypercalcemia. Case description. It is about a 3-year-old female preschooler who started with a clinical picture characterized by bone pain and functional limitation; initial haemograms showed no alteration of cell lines, radiographs showed generalized osteopenia, accompanied by severe hypercalcemia, inhibited parathyroid hormone and secondary hypercalciuria, which were managed with intravenous hydration, diuretic, steroid and zoledronic acid. She also presented electrolyte imbalances that required potassium and phosphorus replacement with adequate response. Bone marrow studies were performed, confirming the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia; she received ALLIC 2009 protocol chemotherapy with refractory disease at the end of the induction phase, and finally, a haploidentical bone marrow transplant, which was successful. Discussion. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is one of the endocrinological oncological emergencies with a low incidence, which is more frequent in the adult population. So, it is not the first diagnostic impression to be considered in pediatrics, leading to delays in aetiological diagnosis and prognosis. Conclusion. Hypercalcaemia accompanied by diffuse osteolytic lesions may be the first and only manifestation in the pediatric population with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Recognizing it will lead to the timely initiation of treatment, with an impact on survival.

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MedUNAB

Título del artículo:

Global research on fungal meningitis: Visual and bibliometric analysis

Introduction: Fungal meningitis is a life-threatening condition with limited therapeutic options and many uncertainties regarding its prognosis and comprehensive management. Aim: To analyze the evolution and characteristics of global research on fungal meningitis. M aterials and m ethods: Bibliometric cross-sectional study using Scopus as the data source. Results: 1 881 documents published between 1946 and 2024 were selected. 69.4 % (n=1 307) of the production consisted of articles with primary data. International collaboration was identified at 9.4 %, with an annual growth rate of 3.24 %. Over 95 % of the authors have published only up to two articles. The United States is the most prolific country with the highest impact. Over time, research has focused on immunocompromised individuals, followed by those linked to Cryptococcus, Candida, and Aspergillus, clinical manifestations, coinfections, and Fusarium solani infection. Diagnostic tool performance, such as nuclear magnetic resonance and lumbar puncture, and antifungals, such as amphotericin B and fluconazole, have been studied. Conclusions: Fluctuating growth was identified in global research on fungal meningitis, with a downward trend in recent years, primarily led by the United States and American institutions. This research has focused mainly on studying the clinical and epidemiological behavior of the disease, along with the performance of diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.

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Gaceta Medica de Caracas

Título del artículo:

Effects of a WhatsApp-Assisted Health Educational Intervention for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol

Although the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in secondary prevention is well-recognized, there is a lack of studies exploring the potential of mobile health to enhance educational interventions within CR. The objective is to assess the impact of a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention, in conjunction with the usual care, compared to the usual care alone among participants enrolled in a CR program. The trial will recruit 32 participants enrolled in a CR program, who will be randomly assigned to a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention plus usual care or usual care alone group. The intervention will span 4 weeks, with assessments at baseline, 4 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the cardiovascular risk factors knowledge score. Secondary outcomes include physical activity levels, anxiety and depression, and quality of life. Expected results include improved knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, increased physical activity levels, and better mental health outcomes in the intervention group. Additionally, an enhancement in the overall quality of life is anticipated. These findings are expected to underscore the value of integrating mHealth with traditional CR methods, potentially shaping future approaches in chronic disease management and prevention.

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Methods and Protocols

Título del artículo:

Relationship between Social Support and Clinical Outcomes: An Evaluation of Participant-Nominated Treatment Supporters in the HOPE 4 Intervention

BACKGROUND: The HOPE 4 trial (Heart Outcomes Prevention and Evaluation 4) investigated the effectiveness of a comprehensive, collaborative model of care, implemented in Colombia and Malaysia, which aimed to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with hypertension. One component of this intervention was the nomination of a treatment supporter, where participants could select a family member or friend to assist them with their care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of these individuals on participant outcomes, as well as the relationship dynamics between participants and their treatment supporter. METHODS: Participants in the HOPE 4 intervention group with baseline and 12 months of follow-up were included for analysis. They were divided into Every Visit (n=339) and

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Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes

Título del artículo:

One-pot synthesis of alginate-antimicrobial peptide nanogel

Nanosized alginate-based particles (NAPs) were obtained in a one-pot solvent-free synthesis procedure, achieving the design of a biocompatible nanocarrier for the encapsulation of IbM6 antimicrobial peptide (IbM6). IbM6 is integrated in the nascent nanosized hydrogel self-assembly guided by electrostatic interactions and by weak interactions, typical of soft matter. The formation of the nanogel is a dynamic and complex process, which presents an interesting temporal evolution. In this work, we optimized the synthesis conditions of IbM6-NAPs based on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and evaluated its time evolution over several weeks by sensing the IbM6 environment in IbM6-NAPs from photochemical experiments. Fluorescence deactivation experiments revealed that the accessibility of different quenchers to the IbM6 peptide embedded in NAPs is dependent on the aging time of the alginate network. Lifetimes measurements indicate that the deactivation paths of the excited state of the IbM6 in the nanoaggregates are reduced when compared with those exhibited by the peptide in aqueous solution, and are also dependent on the aging time of the nanosized alginate network. Finally, the entrapment of IbM6 in NAPs hinders the degradation of the peptide by trypsin, increasing its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 in simulated operation conditions. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)

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Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences

Título del artículo:

Microencapsulation of Theobroma cacao L polyphenols: A high-value approach with in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities

Chagas disease (CHD) is the highest economic burden parasitosis worldwide and the most important cardiac infection, without therapeutic alternatives to halt or reverse its progression. In CHD-experimental models, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds have demonstrated therapeutic potential in cardiac dysfunction. Theobroma cacao polyphenols are potent natural antioxidants with cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory action, which are susceptible to degradation, requiring technological approaches to guarantee their protection, stability, and controlled release. Here, 21 cocoa polyphenol-rich microencapsulates were produced by spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques using two wall materials (maltodextrin and gum arabic). Chemical (total and individual phenolic content and antioxidant activity), structural (morphology), and biological parameters (cytotoxicity, trypanocidal, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities) were assessed to determine the most efficient microencapsulation conditions on Trypanosoma cruzi-infected myocardioblast and macrophage cells. Significant antiproliferative properties against infected cells (superior to benznidazole) were found in two microencapsulates which also exhibited cardioprotective properties against oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death.

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Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy

Título del artículo:

Effect of environmental variables on the incidence of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil and Colombia

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe of the three forms of Leishmaniasis. In the Americas, Brazil and Colombia present more than 90 % of the cases in the region. Our aim in this research was to estimate the association of the incidence rate of Visceral Leishmaniasis with the following environmental variables: the percentage of area suitable for the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, the episodes of La Niña and El Niño, the Brazilian and Colombian biomes. Epidemiological data were obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System and the Colombian National Public Health Surveillance System. Environmental data were downloaded from the NASA Giovanni web app, the Modis Sensor database, and the meteorological agencies of Australia, Japan, and the United States of America. Records of the presence of Lu. longipalpis were obtained from public databases and previous studies. As a result, the incidence per 10,000 inhabitants with LEBS for each El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episode showed the largest values during El Niño 2015–2016, mainly in Brazil\'s Northeast and Central regions and the Northeast region of Colombia. Compared with the Neutral 2012–2014 episode, the episodes of El Niño 2015–2016 and La Niña 2010–2011 showed an average increase in the monthly incidence rate of VL, and the average increase was higher during El Niño 2015–2016 (aIRR = 2.304 vs.1.453) We found a positive association between the incidence rate of VL and the El Niño 2015–2016 episode and an impressive% of area suitable for the vector Lu. longipalpis in the Amazon region.An increase of 1 % in the area suitable for the vector Lu. longipalpis leads to an average rise of 0.8 % in the monthly incidence rate of VL. Our study shows a possible association between VL incidence and ENSO, with the most considerable incidence rates observed during El Niño 2015–2016 in Brazil\'s Northeast and Central regions and the Northeast region of Colombia. The present study is very important to better understand the Visceral Leishmaniasis transmission dynamics.

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Acta Tropica

Título del artículo:

A bivariate survival model for events with dependent failure times based on Archimedean copula functions. Application case: A sample of HIV patients

This paper proposes a bivariate survival model for dependent failure times based on copula functions of the Archimedean family and the mean cumulative function for non-recurrent events of different types (MCFR ̅E) and uses it to estimate the probability of survival from the occurrence of events of different types on the same HIV/AIDS patient. The copula functions evaluate the dependence structure between the failure times of the events experienced by the same patient throughout their follow-up period, and the MCFR ̅E generates the marginal survival function for each event. The marginal function is a nonparametric estimator that gives the same estimated survival probability as the Kaplan-Meier estimator if the failure times of the different types of events are independent. If each patient experiences at least one event, a subset of them generates a compound event that affects the estimated probability of survival. The results show that the traditionally estimated survival probabilities are biased if dependent failure times are treated as independent.

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Brazilian Journal of Biometrics

Título del artículo:

Metataxonomic Identification of Microorganisms during the Coffee Fermentation Process in Colombian Farms (Cesar Department)

The metataxonomic diversity and microbial composition of microorganisms during the coffee fermentation process as well as their relationship with coffee quality were determined across 20 farms in the department of Cesar, Colombia, by sampling coffee fruits from Coffea arabica; Var. Castillo General®, Var. Colombia, and Var. Cenicafé 1. In each farm, the fruits were processed and the fermentation process took place between 10 and 42 h following this. Three samples of mucilage and washed coffee seeds were collected per farm during the fermentation process. The microorganisms present in the mucilage were identified using metataxonomic methods by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and ITS for fungi. The microorganisms’ morphotypes were isolated and identified. The analysis of bacteria allowed for the identification of the following genera: Gluconobacter, Leuconostoc, Acetobacter, Frateuria, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Tatumella, and Weisella, as well as unclassified enterobacteria; the Lactobacillacea and Secundilactobacillus families were only identified in the Var. Cenicafé 1. For fungi, the top 11 genera and families found included Hanseniaspora, Candida, Meyerozyma, Wickerhamomyces, Pichia, f-Saccharomycodaceae, f-Nectriciae, unclassified fungi, and Saccharomycetaceae, which were only found in Cenicafé 1. A total of 92% of the coffee samples obtained scored between 80.1 and 84.9, indicating “Very Good” coffee (Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) scale). Farms with the longest fermentation times showed better coffee attributes related to acidity, fragrance, and aroma. During coffee fermentation, there is a central microbiome. The differences between the microorganisms’ genera could be influenced by the coffee variety, while the specific conditions of each farm (i.e., altitude and temperature) and its fermentation processes could determine the proportions of and interactions between the microbial groups that favor the sensory characteristics responsible for coffee cup quality.

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Foods

Título del artículo:

Precision Solutions: A Strategy to Improve Medical Care for Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension in Latin America

Acerca de la revista donde se publicó este artículo:

Chest

Título del artículo:

Electron nonlinear dynamics in a compact accelerator based on the circular rotating TM110 mode

The present study investigates the electron autoresonant acceleration using the rotating transverse magnetic mode TM110 microwave field within an inhomogeneous magnetostatic field. Differential equations governing the evolution of the phase shift between the electron\'s angular position and the angle at which transferred power is maximized, the total electron energy, and the longitudinal electron velocity are derived. Magnetic field profiles required to sustain electron acceleration are determined. The results demonstrate that an electron injected along the cavity axis with an energy of 30keV can be accelerated up to approximately 200keV, using an electric field amplitude of 20kV/cm, a frequency of 8GHz, and a linear magnetic field profile. Additionally, we consider the case of electron acceleration under exact resonance conditions, and the corresponding magnetic field profile predicted by the model is obtained. The findings presented in this paper are valuable for the design of RF accelerators utilizing the circular rotating TM110 mode, particularly in applications such as x-ray sources for medical purposes, airport security, and various other fields.

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Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation

Título del artículo:

Weight stigma and allostatic load in adults: protocol for a scoping review

Introduction Weight-related stigma (WS) has been associated with adverse psychosocial and physical health effects. Despite the relationship between WS and allostatic load, there are no integrative reviews of this association. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between allostatic load biomarkers associated with WS by identifying gaps in this topic and proposing recommendations for future research. Methods and analysis This protocol was guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O\'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The research questions were based on the population-concept-context framework. Studies in adults diagnosed as overweight or obese, exposed to WS and assessing the association between WS and biomarkers of allostatic load will be included. A search will be conducted in Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane Library (Wiley) and Google Scholar. The search strategy will be conducted in three stages, based on the JBI recommendation with the MESH terms \"Social Stigma,\"\"Weight Prejudice,\"\"Biomarkers,\"\"Allostasis,\"\"Adults\"and related terms. Data extraction will be done with a template adapted from JBI. The search strategy and selection process results will be presented in a flow chart and summarised in the text. The main results will be presented in a descriptive synthesis. Ethics and dissemination Ethics review and approval are not required. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences, congresses or symposia.

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BMJ Open

Título del artículo:

Nanocellulose composites as chemo-/bio-sensing agents and polymeric matrixes: A nanotechnological application

This chapter highlights the nanocellose-based composite sensors as powerful tools in multiple sensing/detecting applications and polymeric matrixes. The worldwide need for rapid, precise/accurate, selective/specific detection positions the nanosensors as crucial devices for sensing purposes. The authors discuss the basic sensor conception, a basic architecture applied in different spatial scales and research areas, such as environmental sciences, medicine, and optoelectronics. Chemo-and biosensors are also described in the chapter. The use of nanocellulose as supporting or embedding material in sensors and polymeric matrixes gives the attributes of this noble material, which, combined with active and sensitive materials at the nanoscale, assemble new opportunities in the sensors field.

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Smart and Sustainable Applications of Nanocomposites

Título del artículo:

Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study

Objectives The objective was to investigate the benefits of the’weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern in Latin America, where many people take part in high levels of non-exercise physical activity. Methods Participants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and resurveyed from 2015 to 2019. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed weekend warriors. Those who exercised more often were termed regularly active. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. Results The main analysis included 26 006 deaths in 154 882 adults (67% female) aged 52±13 years followed for 18±4 years (mean±SD). Compared with those who reported no exercise, the HR (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) in the weekend warriors and 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) in the regularly active. Similar results were observed for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but associations were weaker. Stratified analyses showed that substantial reductions in all-cause mortality risk only occurred when the duration of exercise sessions was at least 30–60 min. The repeated-measures analysis included 843 deaths in 10 023 adults followed for 20±2 years. Compared with being inactive or becoming inactive, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.12) when being a weekend warrior or becoming a weekend warrior and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.03) when being regularly active or becoming regularly active. Conclusions This is the first prospective study to investigate the benefits of the weekend warrior physical activity pattern in Latin America. The results suggest that even busy adults could benefit from taking part in one or two sessions of exercise per week.

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British Journal of Sports Medicine

Título del artículo:

Risk factors for recognized and unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infection: a seroepidemiologic analysis of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study

There are limited data on individual risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection (including unrecognized infection). In this seroepidemiologic substudy of an ongoing prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults, participants were thoroughly characterized pre-pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was ascertained by serology. Among 8,719 participants from 11 high-, middle-, and low-income countries, 3,009 (35%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Characteristics independently associated with seropositivity were younger age (odds ratio, OR; 95% confidence interval, CI, per five-year increase: 0.95; 0.91–0.98) and body mass index >25 kg/m2 (OR, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.01–1.34). Smoking (as compared with never smoking, OR, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.70–0.97) and COVID-19 vaccination (OR, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.60–0.82) were associated with a reduced risk of seropositivity. Among seropositive participants, 83% were unaware of having been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Seropositivity and a lack of awareness of infection were more common in lower-income countries. The COVID-19 vaccination reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (including recognized and unrecognized infections). Overweight or obesity is an independent risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection and lack of infection awareness are more common in lower-income countries. IMPORTANCE In this large, international study, evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was obtained by testing blood specimens from 8,719 community-dwelling adults from 11 countries. The key findings are that (i) the large majority (83%) of community-dwelling adults from several high-, middle-, and low-income countries with blood test evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were unaware of this infection—especially in lower-income countries; and (ii) overweight/obesity predisposes to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These observations are not attributable to other individual characteristics, highlighting the importance of the COVID-19 vaccination to prevent not only severe infection but possibly any infection. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which overweight/obesity might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Microbiology Spectrum

Título del artículo:

Analyzing joint efficiency in storage tanks: A comparative study of API 650 standard and API 579 using finite element analysis for enhanced reliability

This study compares two renowned methodologies, API 650 and API 579, focusing on the analysis of joint efficiency at a value of 0.7. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the research suggests that a 35 % increase in filling height might be achievable for a large tank that adhere to the stability criteria outlined by API 650. To support these findings, 337 simulations rigorously examined various parameters. These encompass the design factor (β), bottom constraint, geometric configuration, mesh size, and a newly introduced Local ASME criterion. The latter is specifically introduced to evaluate protection against plastic collapse for Maximum Fill Height (MFH). Additionally, the study advocates elevating the joint efficiency from 0.7 to a range of 0.8–0.87 in API 653. This recommendation is pertinent to storage tanks that are not susceptible to buckling failure mode and possess limited documentation. The outcomes of this research provide significant insights into tank design and have the potential to refine industry standards and practices.

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International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping

Título del artículo:

Correlates of Toddlers’ Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior During Unstructured Outdoor Play in Early Childhood Education and Daycare Settings

Despite recent research showing that early childhood education and daycare settings (ECEC) have an important role in promoting toddlers’ physical activity (PA), crucial information gaps remain regarding toddlers\' PA and sedentary behavior (SB) in these outdoor settings. We aimed in this study to: (a) analyze PA patterns and SB during unstructured outdoor play time in preschool and daycare environments using accelerometry and systematic observation; (b) provide concurrent accelerometry and observational data to help validate the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool Version (OSRAC-P); and (c) examine individual, social and environmental correlates of PA and SB during toddlers’ unstructured outdoor play time. We found that: (a) toddlers displayed high amounts of PA with no sex, BMI, and/or age differences in PA and SB levels,; (b) environmental variables (e.g., fixed equipment and playground density) were not associated with PA levels or SB intensity; (c) the OSRAC-P was a reliable and valid means of observing and analyzing toddlers’ PA patterns during unstructured outdoor play time; and (e) different social patterns between boys and girls did not impact PA levels or patterns. Combining different measurement methods permitted an improved understanding of unstructured outdoor play in preschool and daycare settings.

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Perceptual and Motor Skills

Título del artículo:

Drug-induced liver injury secondary to androgenic steroid use

The use of anabolic steroids in an illicit way is a growing problem characterized by the lack of knowledge about the potential side effects of these products. Their illegal use has led to underdiagnosis of adverse events, among the most frequent of which was hepatotoxicity. We present the case of a mature adult male amateur athlete who was hospitalized for jaundice and drug-induced liver disease in relation to the use of high-dose anabolic steroids. The prevention of drug-induced liver damage (DILI) training the susceptible population about the dangers of self-medication and illegal drug use, as well as educating the vulnerable population to prevent self-medication. or the illegal use of these substances.

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Gaceta Medica Boliviana